ArticlePloS one2012
Endobiont viruses sensed by the human host - beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Viral load dependent cellular heterogeneity in Trichomonas vaginalis at the single cell level.iScience · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
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- Master of Puppets: How Microbiota Drive the Nematoda Ecology and Evolution?Ecology and evolution · 2025Review
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- Trichomoniasis and Other Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Diseases in Women.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
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- Viruses of parasites: A roadmap toward diagnostic and therapeutic development.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Differential Drug Susceptibility across Trichomonasvirus Species Allows for Generation of Varied Isogenic Clones ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (FamilyVeterinary sciences · 2024Review
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- A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed inVirus evolution · 2024Article
- A Diverse Virome Is Identified in Parasitic Flatworms of Domestic Animals in Xinjiang, China.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wide-spread protozoan parasites carry endosymbiotic dsRNA viruses with uncharted implications to the human host. Among them, Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite adapted to the human genitourinary tract, infects globally ∼250 million each year rendering them more susceptible to devastating pregnancy complications (especially preterm birth), HIV infection and HPV-related cancer. While first-line antibiotic treatment (metronidazole) commonly kills the protozoan pathogen, it fails to improve reproductive outcome. We show that endosymbiotic Trichomonasvirus, highly prevalent in T. vaginalis clinical isolates, is sensed by the human epithelial cells via Toll-like receptor 3, triggering Interferon Regulating Factor -3, interferon type I and proinflammatory cascades previously implicated in preterm birth and HIV-1 susceptibility. Metronidazole treatment amplified these proinflammatory responses. Thus, a new paradigm targeting the protozoan viruses along with the protozoan host may prevent trichomoniasis-attributable inflammatory sequelae.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.