ReviewPLoS pathogens2012
Vaccines: from empirical development to rational design.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated reiterative pipeline for rapid epitope-based pan-alphavirus vaccines.Science advances · 2026Article
- Complementary Use of Probiotics and Their Antimicrobial Proteins in Brucellosis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Benefits.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- A therapeutic multi-epitope protein vaccine targeting HPV16 E6 E7 elicits potent tumor regression and cytotoxic immune responses.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Single dose of foot-and-mouth disease peptide vaccine fully protects swine and achieves intraserotype crossed neutralization.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Deep learning in next-generation vaccine development for infectious diseases.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
- Leaf Saponins ofPharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Designing a Novel di-epitope Diphtheria Vaccine: A Rational Structural Immunoinformatics Approach.Current computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Peptide vaccines: an innovative therapeutic approach against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- New insights for the development of efficient DNA vaccines.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Vaccine skepticism and vaccine development stages; inoculation from "cowpox" lesion to the current mRNA vaccine of COVID-19: review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Multi-perspectives and challenges in identifying B-cell epitopes.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2023Review
- Nucleic acid-based vaccine platforms against the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- In silico EsxG EsxH rational epitope selection: Candidate epitopes for vaccine design against pulmonary tuberculosis.PloS one · 2023Article
- Recent advances in the vaccine development for the prophylaxis of SARS Covid-19.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- In silico designing of a novel epitope-based candidate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae with introduction of a new domain of PepO as adjuvant.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Current view on novel vaccine technologies to combat human infectious diseases.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and vaccination against pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious diseases are responsible for an overwhelming number of deaths worldwide and their clinical management is often hampered by the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, prevention through vaccination currently represents the best course of action to combat them. However, immune escape and evasion by pathogens often render vaccine development difficult. Furthermore, most currently available vaccines were empirically designed. In this review, we discuss why rational design of vaccines is not only desirable but also necessary. We introduce recent developments towards specifically tailored antigens, adjuvants, and delivery systems, and discuss the methodological gaps and lack of knowledge still hampering true rational vaccine design. Finally, we address the potential and limitations of different strategies and technologies for advancing vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.