ArticleDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2013
Metabolic pathways of inhaled glucocorticoids by the CYP3A enzymes.
Article in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrospun Eudragit Nanofiber Mats as a Buccal Delivery Platform for Triamcinolone Acetonide.ACS omega · 2026Article
- The aspiration of precision glucocorticoid pharmacotherapy in immune-mediated diseases: where do we stand in integrating pharmacogenomics and biomarkers for individualized treatment?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer therapy and cachexia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Profiling the Tox21 Compound Library for Their Inhibitory Effects on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Modulation of Cell Plasticity by Budesonide: Beyond the Metabolic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucocorticoids.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Cross-Analytical Strategies to Tackle "Medicines in Disguise" Presented as Food Supplements, a New Threat for Human Health.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unique Research for Developing a Full Factorial Design Evaluated Liquid Chromatography Technique for Estimating Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate in the Presence of Specified and Degradation Impurities in Dry Powder Inhalation.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2025Article
- Review
- Impact of CYP3A5 Polymorphisms on Pediatric Asthma Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Interleukin-13 Treatment of Living Lung Tissue Model Alters the Metabolome and Proteome-A Nano-DESI MS Metabolomics and Shotgun Proteomics Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Roadmap for Using Causal Inference and Machine Learning to Personalize Asthma Medication Selection.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Exploring the influence of the microbiome on the pharmacology of anti-asthmatic drugs.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Preterm lung and brain responses to mechanical ventilation and corticosteroids.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Enigma of Intramuscular Triamcinolone Acetonide (KenalogClinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Review
- The Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Biochemical Behaviours of Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate in Treating Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD).Emergency medicine international · 2022Review
- Periarticular analgesic injection containing a corticosteroid after total hip arthroplasty may prevent deep venous thrombosis: a retrospective comparative cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Article
- Comparison of the Effect of Different Local Analgesia Administration Techniques in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study.Pain research & management · 2021Article
- Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Surfactant and budesonide for respiratory distress syndrome: an observational study.Pediatric research · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, for which the mainstay treatment has been inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs). Despite the widespread use of these drugs, approximately 30% of asthma sufferers exhibit some degree of steroid insensitivity or are refractory to inhaled GCs. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is interpatient variability in the clearance of these compounds. The objective of this research is to determine how metabolism of GCs by the CYP3A family of enzymes could affect their effectiveness in asthmatic patients. In this work, the metabolism of four frequently prescribed inhaled GCs, triamcinolone acetonide, flunisolide, budesonide, and fluticasone propionate, by the CYP3A family of enzymes was studied to identify differences in their rates of clearance and to identify their metabolites. Both interenzyme and interdrug variability in rates of metabolism and metabolic fate were observed. CYP3A4 was the most efficient metabolic catalyst for all the compounds, and CYP3A7 had the slowest rates. CYP3A5, which is particularly relevant to GC metabolism in the lungs, was also shown to efficiently metabolize triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide, and fluticasone propionate. In contrast, flunisolide was only metabolized via CYP3A4, with no significant turnover by CYP3A5 or CYP3A7. Common metabolites included 6β-hydroxylation and Δ(6)-dehydrogenation for triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide, and flunisolide. The structure of Δ(6)-flunisolide was unambiguously established by NMR analysis. Metabolism also occurred on the D-ring substituents, including the 21-carboxy metabolites for triamcinolone acetonide and flunisolide. The novel metabolite 21-nortriamcinolone acetonide was also identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.