ArticleGlobal heart2012
Second hand smoke and cardiovascular disease in Low and Middle Income Countries: a case for action.
Article in Global heart, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subnational exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran from 1990 to 2013: a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Smoke-free status of homes and workplaces among Indian people: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco SurveyData-2016/2017.PloS one · 2023Article
- Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with increased left ventricular mass.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and hyperlipidemia modified by perceived work stress.PloS one · 2020Article
- Smoke-free home initiative in Bantul, Indonesia: Development and preliminary evaluation.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2019Article
- Rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoker adolescents and adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Hypertension prevalence and living conditions related to air pollution: results of a national epidemiological study in Lebanon.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Self-reported history of stroke and long-term living conditions near air pollution sources: results of a national epidemiological study in Lebanon.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2018Article
- Neural response to pictorial health warning labels can predict smoking behavioral change.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2016Article
- Review
- Clearing the smoke around the TB-HIV syndemic: smoking as a critical issue for TB and HIV treatment and care.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is an environmental toxin and an established cause of cardiovascular disease in nonsmokers. Smoke free laws reduce SHS and its downstream cardiovascular disease, but until recently evidence to support smoke free law implementation in low and middle income country settings was limited. In 14 low and middle income nations surveyed by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey active smoking prevalence in adults (≥15 years old) was universally higher in males (range 21.6-60.2%) compared with females (0.5-24.4%), and the highest burden of SHS exposure was in women (strong positive association between male/female active smoking ratio and female SHS exposure prevalence). A systematic review was conducted of MEDLINE-indexed studies of self-reported SHS exposure and cardiovascular harms in low or middle income nations. Eight papers reported the association of SHS with ischemic heart disease and four reported the association of SHS with stroke. For all the studies, and almost all sources of SHS surveyed, a strong positive association between SHS and ischemic heart disease (main relative odds ratio range 1.17-2.36) and SHS and stroke (odds ratio or hazard ratio 1.41-1.49). Prevalence of SHS exposure is high in low and middle income nations, especially among women. Epidemiologic evidence supports the conclusion that SHS harms are the same across low, middle and high income nations. Governments have an obligation to protect citizens from SHS exposure, enforcing smoke-free legislation and providing public education about SHS harms.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.