ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2012
The 5x1 DAFNE study protocol: a cluster randomised trial comparing a standard 5 day DAFNE course delivered over 1 week against DAFNE training delivered over 1 day a week for 5 consecutive weeks.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01069393 (Improving Management of Type 1 Diabetes in the UK), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Management of Type 1 Diabetes in the UK: The DAFNE Programme as a Research Test-bed - 5 x 1 Day RCT
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia: can structured education address this persistent challenge?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control, Mental Health and Self-Management in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Delivering evidence-based interventions for type 1 diabetes in the virtual world - A review of UK practice during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelled
backgroundStructured education programmes are now established as an essential component to assist effective self-management of diabetes. In the case of Type 1 diabetes, the Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) programme improves both glycaemic control and quality of life. Traditionally delivered over five consecutive days, this format has been cited as a barrier to participation by some patients, such as those who work full-time. Some centres in the UK have organised structured education programmes to be delivered one day a week over several consecutive weeks. This type of format may add benefit by allowing more time in which to practice skills between sessions, but may suffer as a result of weaker peer support being generated compared to that formed over five consecutive days. METHODS/
designWe aim to compare DAFNE delivered over five consecutive days (1 week course) with DAFNE delivered one day a week over five weeks (5 week course) in a randomised controlled trial. A total of 213 patients were randomised to attend either a 1 week or a 5 week course delivered in seven participating centres. Study outcomes (measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months post-course) include HbA1c, weight, self-reported rates of severe hypoglycaemia, psychosocial measures of quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Generalisability was optimised by recruiting patients from DAFNE waiting lists at each centre, and by mailing eligible patients from hospital clinic lists. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were identical to those used to recruit to a standard DAFNE course (e.g., HbA1c <12%, with no lower limit). Qualitative interviews were undertaken with a sub-sample of n=30 patients and their course educators (n=11) to help understand and interpret differences and similarities in outcomes between the two arms, and to identify logistical problems and unanticipated issues arising from the adaptation and delivery of a 5 week course. DISCUSSION: This trial has been designed to test the hypothesis that the benefits of delivering a structured education programme over 5 weeks are comparable to those observed after a 1 week course. The results of the trial and the qualitative sub-study will both inform the design and delivery of future DAFNE courses, and the development of structured education programmes in other fields of medicine.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01069393.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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