ReviewTrials2012
General practice-based clinical trials in Germany - a problem analysis.
Review in Trials, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Recruiting general practitioners and patients with dementia into a cluster randomised controlled trial: strategies, barriers and facilitators.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Trial
- Intensive spa and exercise therapy program for returning to work for low back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Sustainable implementation of practice-based research networks in primary care: a qualitative process evaluation of the Bavarian Research Practice Network (BayFoNet).BMC primary care · 2026Article
- The effects of perceived chronic stress and work-related factors on the risk of incident depression among German general practice personnel: a causal pathway approach using IMPROVEjob study data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Research Trends in General Medicine: A Domain-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Three Leading Generalist Journals.Cureus · 2025Review
- General Practitioners (GP) experiences in managing patients in clinical trials conducted by non-GP specialists: An exploratory qualitative study.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Primary care involvement in clinical research - prerequisites, motivators, and barriers: results from a study series.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Experiences with Innovation Fund healthcare models in primary care: a qualitative study amongst German general practitioners.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2024Article
- The Predominance of the Health-Promoting Patterns of Work Behavior and Experience in General Practice Teams-Results of the IMPROVEHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Expectations of general practitioners on a practice based research network in Germany- a qualitative study within the Bavarian Research Practice Network (BayFoNet).BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Process evaluation in practice based research networks: a study protocol for a mixed-methods implementation study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Implementing an outpatient clinical trial on COVID-19 treatment in an emergency epidemic context: a mixed methods study among operational and research stakeholders within the Coverage trial, Bordeaux (France).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- [The German Innovation Fund and primary care-What expectations and experiences do general practitioners have with regard to participating in innovative care models?]Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2022Article
- General practitioners' willingness to participate in research networks in Germany.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2022Article
- Review
- Challenges in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting in randomized clinical trial studies: A systematic review.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2019Article
- General practitioners' willingness to participate in research: A survey in central Switzerland.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Discontinuation of a randomised controlled trial in general practice due to unsuccessful patient recruitment.BJGP open · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Germany, clinical trials and comparative effectiveness studies in primary care are still very rare, while their usefulness has been recognised in many other countries. A network of researchers from German academic general practice has explored the reasons for this discrepancy.
methodsBased on a comprehensive literature review and expert group discussions, problem analyses as well as structural and procedural prerequisites for a better implementation of clinical trials in German primary care are presented.
resultsIn Germany, basic biomedical science and technology is more reputed than clinical or health services research. Clinical trials are funded by industry or a single national programme, which is highly competitive, specialist-dominated, exclusive of pilot studies, and usually favours innovation rather than comparative effectiveness studies. Academic general practice is still not fully implemented, and existing departments are small. Most general practitioners (GPs) work in a market-based, competitive setting of small private practices, with a high case load. They have no protected time or funding for research, and mostly no research training or experience. Good Clinical Practice (GCP) training is compulsory for participation in clinical trials. The group defined three work packages to be addressed regarding clinical trials in German general practice: (1) problem analysis, and definition of (2) structural prerequisites and (3) procedural prerequisites. Structural prerequisites comprise specific support facilities for general practice-based research networks that could provide practices with a point of contact. Procedural prerequisites consist, for example, of a summary of specific relevant key measures, for example on a web platform. The platform should contain standard operating procedures (SOPs), templates, checklists and other supporting materials for researchers.
conclusionAll in all, our problem analyses revealed that a substantial number of barriers contribute to the low implementation of clinical research in German general practice. Some issues are deeply rooted in Germany's market-based healthcare and academic systems and traditions. However, new developments may facilitate change: recent developments in the German research landscape are encouraging.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.