ArticleAIDS (London, England)2013
Performance of a fourth-generation HIV screening assay and an alternative HIV diagnostic testing algorithm.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding indeterminate HIV serology through antigen-band pattern analysis of INNO-LIA and recomLine HIV confirmatory assays.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Enteric Viral Infections: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the MAGLUMI HIV Ab/Ag combi test for the detection of HIV infection.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection.PloS one · 2021Article
- Performance evaluation of the MedMira reveal G4 LAB S/P and POC HIV antibody rapid screening tests using plasma and whole blood specimens.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the performance of the Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Assay for quantitative and diagnostic uses.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Article
- Rapid HIV Antigen-Antibody Assays and Detection of Acute HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Adaptation and delivery of a motivational interviewing-based counseling program for persons acutely infected with HIV in Malawi: Implementation and lessons learned.Patient education and counseling · 2018Article
- Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection.Annals of internal medicine · 2017Review
- Evaluation of dried blood spot protocols with the Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA and Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Article
- Performance evaluation of the point-of-care INSTI™ HIV-1/2 antibody test in early and established HIV infections.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Article
- Performance evaluation of the FDA-approved Determine™ HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo assay using plasma and whole blood specimens.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Article
- Acute infections, cost and time to reporting of HIV test results in three U.S. State Public Health Laboratories.The Journal of infection · 2016Article
- Ten Years of Screening and Testing for Acute HIV Infection in North Carolina.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Performance evaluation of the CHEMBIO DPP® (dual path platform) HIV-1/2 assay in early and established infections.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2015Article
- Nucleic acid testing by public health referral laboratories for public health laboratories using the U.S. HIV diagnostic testing algorithm.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2015Article
- Detection of Acute HIV-1 Infection by RT-LAMP.PloS one · 2015Article
- Performance of the fourth-generation Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of HIV infection in Southern Africa.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2015Article
- Quantification of plasma HIV RNA using chemically engineered peptide nucleic acids.Nature communications · 2014Article
- Performance of an alternative HIV diagnostic algorithm using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay and potential utility of sample-to-cutoff ratio to discriminate primary from established infection.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe evaluated the performance of the GS fourth-generation antigen/antibody assay and compared Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) proposed alternative algorithm [repeatedly reactive fourth-generation immunoassay followed by an HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay and, if needed, nucleic acid test (NAT)] with the current algorithm (repeatedly reactive third-generation immunoassay followed by HIV-1 western blot).
designA convenience sample of the following four specimen sets was acquired: 10 014 from insurance applicants, 493 known western blot-positive, 20 known western blot-indeterminate specimens, and 230 specimens from 26 HIV-1 seroconverters.
methodsSpecimens were tested with the GS third-generation and fourth-generation immunoassays, the Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay, NAT, and western blot. We applied the two algorithms using these results.
resultsAmong insurance specimens, 13 (0.13%) specimens were immunoassay repeatedly reactive: two were HIV-positive (repeatedly reactive by third-generation and fourth-generation immunoassays, and western blot and Multispot positive); two third-generation repeatedly reactive and nine fourth-generation repeatedly reactive specimens were false-positive. Third-generation and fourth-generation specificities were 99.98% [95% confidence interval (CI) 99.93-100%] and 99.91% (95% CI 99.84-99.96%), respectively.All HIV-1 western blot-positive specimens were repeatedly reactive by third-generation and fourth-generation immunoassays. By Multispot, 491 (99.6%) were HIV-1-positive and two (0.4%) were HIV-2-positive.Only eight (40%) western blot-indeterminate specimens were fourth-generation repeatedly reactive: six were Multispot and NAT-negative and two were Multispot HIV-1-positive but NAT-negative.The alternative algorithm correctly classified as positive 102 seroconverter specimens with the third-generation immunoassay and 130 with the fourth-generation immunoassay compared with 56 using the western blot with either immunoassay.
conclusionThe alternative testing algorithm improved early infection sensitivity and identified HIV-2 infections. Two potential false-positive algorithm results occurred with western blot-indeterminate specimens.
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