ReviewMolecular oral microbiology2012
Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology.
Review in Molecular oral microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 687 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of a Daily Oral Care Lozenge on Oral Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Oral-Spray Bacillus Spore Probiotics (LiveSpo Smile CARE) in Preventing and Supporting the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Elderly in Hanoi
Who cites it
687 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid Versus Enamel Matrix Derivative in the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Dysbiosis and Immune Crosstalk in Experimental Diabetic Periodontitis: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Murine Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Oral Microbiota Characteristics in Relation to Different Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Subgingival Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of periodontal research · 2025Pooled it
- Microbial Markers for Diagnosis and Risk Assessment for Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Literature Search and Narrative Synthesis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Pooled it
- Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: umbrella review.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Characterization of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the oral microbiota with the dental and periodontal status in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Pooled it
- 1064 nm Nd:YAG versus 940 nm diode laser-assisted periodontal therapy in stage II periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Nutritional Stunting Is Linked to Reduced Oral Microbiome Stability and Reconfigured Microbial Networks in Children: A Pilot Intervention Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Three-session non-surgical therapy stabilizes microbiological and biochemical responses in patients with stage III/IV grade C periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Effects of daily home-use water flossing as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in the treatment of stage I-II periodontitis: a 6-month randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Commensal microbiota-coated biohybrid implants induce antibiofilm, osteogenic, and immunomodulatory responses in a human 3D immunocompetent model.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- The dynamic landscape of T helper cell plasticity and Th17-Treg instability in periodontitis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between the Root Canal Microbiome and Apical Lesion Size: An Observational Shotgun Metagenomic Study.International endodontic journal · 2026Observational
- Casearia sylvestris Derivatives Inhibit Inflammation and Oxidative Activity and Promote Healing in Human Gingival Fibroblasts - An In Vitro Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- Alterations in the feline oral microbiome in common oral diseases - A comprehensive review.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- The Oral Microbiome: A Silent Contributor to Systemic Health and Disease National Institutes of Health 2024 Workshop.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- The Oral and Nasal Gateway Microbiomes: Salivaomics and Systemic Health at the Airway-Digestive Interface.Microorganisms · 2026Review
627 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advancements in the periodontal research field are consistent with a new model of pathogenesis according to which periodontitis is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community rather than by select 'periopathogens', such as the 'red complex'. In this polymicrobial synergy, different members or specific gene combinations within the community fulfill distinct roles that converge to shape and stabilize a disease-provoking microbiota. One of the core requirements for a potentially pathogenic community to arise involves the capacity of certain species, termed 'keystone pathogens', to modulate the host response in ways that impair immune surveillance and tip the balance from homeostasis to dysbiosis. Keystone pathogens also elevate the virulence of the entire microbial community through interactive communication with accessory pathogens. Other important core functions for pathogenicity require the expression of diverse molecules (e.g. appropriate adhesins, cognate receptors, proteolytic enzymes and proinflammatory surface structures/ligands), which in combination act as community virulence factors to nutritionally sustain a heterotypic, compatible and proinflammatory microbial community that elicits a non-resolving and tissue-destructive host response. On the basis of the fundamental concepts underlying this model of periodontal pathogenesis, that is, polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis, we term it the PSD model.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.