ArticlePloS one2012
Mortality and suicide risk in treatment-resistant depression: an observational study of the long-term impact of intervention.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological and somatic treatment effects on suicide in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Concentrations of Arginine, Ornithine, Citrulline and Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Neuromodulation Treatment Effects on Suicidality.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Vagus nerve stimulation in psychiatry: a systematic review of the available evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2017Pooled it
- Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 4. Neurostimulation Treatments.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2016Pooled it
- Plasma metabolomic profiling of a ketamine and placebo crossover trial of major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Quantitative Electroencephalography as a Complement to Symptom-Based Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with depression: a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors, including antidepressant treatment.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Resting State EEG Correlates of Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of pharmacogenomics on the response and remission of treatment-resistant depression: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.General psychiatry · 2023Article
- Baseline Clinical and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Treatment Response to High-Frequency rTMS Over the Left DLPFC for Resistant Depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The relationship between father absence and hostility among Chinese depressed youths: A serial mediation model and the role of self-esteem and frustration tolerance.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Excess deaths in treatment-resistant depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: basic principles and future directions.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2021Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy in patients with difficult-to-treat depression (RESTORE-LIFE): study protocol design and rationale of a real-world post-market study.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with depressive symptoms among youth?BMC public health · 2020Article
- The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on the course and outcomes of patients with bipolar disorder in a treatment-resistant depressive episode: a 5-year prospective registry.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2020Article
- The Impact of (the Concept of) Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Opinion Review.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: Pathway to Developing Novel Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatments.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- All-cause mortality in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a cohort study in the US population.Annals of general psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common global disease that causes a significant societal burden. Most interventional studies of depression provide a limited assessment of the interventions on mortality and suicide risks. This study utilizes data from an observational registry of patients with major depressive disorder to determine the impact of intervention (vagus nerve stimulation or standard pharmacological/non-pharmacological therapy) and a latent factor, patient trajectory toward response, on mortality, suicide and suicidal ideation. A total of 636 patients were available for an intent-to-treat analysis of all-cause mortality, suicide and suicidal ideation. Patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation in addition to standard therapies experienced lower, but not statistically significant, all-cause mortality (vagus nerve stimulation 4.93 per 1,000 person-years vs. 10.02 per 1,000 patient years for treatment as usual) and suicide rates (vagus nerve stimulation 0.88 per 1,000 person-years vs. 1.61 per 1,000 patient years for treatment as usual). Treatment with vagus nerve stimulation produced a statistically lower relative risk of suicidal ideation 0.80, 95% confidence interval (0.68,0.95). Further, patients that responded to either treatment saw a 51% reduction in relative risk of suicidal behavior; relative risk and 95% confidence interval of 0.49 (0.41,0.58). In summary, we find that treatment with adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation can potentially lower the risk of all-cause mortality, suicide and suicide attempts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.