ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
CTR1 phosphorylates the central regulator EIN2 to control ethylene hormone signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus in Arabidopsis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 279 papers.
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279 citing papers in PubMed, 600 citations in OpenAlex.
- Jasmonate, salicylate, and ethylene-responsive transcriptomics discovery in spikelets of three wheat genotypes reveals a rapid and conserved response for jasmonate signaling.Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Melatonin Uncouples Ripening Promotion from Softening and Enhances the Polyphenol Profile in Postharvest 'Reineta' Apples (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ethylene-regulated dimeric ETR1 kinase reveals multi-site EIN2 docking targeted by peptides that delay climacteric ripening.Science advances · 2026Article
- Towards an integrated molecular understanding of plant hormones.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Review
- Ethylene as the Molecular Coordinator of the Plant Growth-Defense Trade-Off Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of ethylene biosynthesis shape infection and nodule initiation in Medicago truncatula.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- 14-3-3 λ suppresses ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition through EIN3/EIL1 in Aratbidopsis.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Ethylene signaling and metabolite reprogramming in salt tolerance of Triticum aestivum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrative approaches for the structure-based functional understanding of the ethylene response in plants.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Molecular insights into volatile organic compound sensing and signaling in plants.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs) catalyze EIN2 dephosphorylation to regulate ethylene signaling inScience advances · 2026Article
- The importin-alpha superfamily engages in ethylene signaling by shuttling ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- EBSn, a Robust Synthetic Reporter for Monitoring Ethylene Responses in Plants.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- mRNA decapping proteins regulate EIN2-dependent ethylene signaling in arabidopsis.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Ethylene-Mediated VvERF003 Promotes Flavonol Accumulation by UpregulatingBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis of theFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Transcriptional control of tomato fruit development and ripening.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- The 14-3-3 Protein SlTFT1 Accelerates Tomato Fruit Ripening by Binding and Stabilising YFT1 in the Ethylene Signalling Pathway.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Co-domestication of cold tolerance and female flower is determined by CsEIN2 in cucumber.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Enhancing drought resilience in crops: mechanistic approaches in the face of climate challenge.Plant molecular biology · 2025Review
219 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gaseous phytohormone ethylene C(2)H(4) mediates numerous aspects of growth and development. Genetic analysis has identified a number of critical elements in ethylene signaling, but how these elements interact biochemically to transduce the signal from the ethylene receptor complex at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to transcription factors in the nucleus is unknown. To close this gap in our understanding of the ethylene signaling pathway, the challenge has been to identify the target of the CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) Raf-like protein kinase, as well as the molecular events surrounding ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), an ER membrane-localized Nramp homolog that positively regulates ethylene responses. Here we demonstrate that CTR1 interacts with and directly phosphorylates the cytosolic C-terminal domain of EIN2. Mutations that block the EIN2 phosphorylation sites result in constitutive nuclear localization of the EIN2 C terminus, concomitant with constitutive activation of ethylene responses in Arabidopsis. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of EIN2 by CTR1 prevents EIN2 from signaling in the absence of ethylene, whereas inhibition of CTR1 upon ethylene perception is a signal for cleavage and nuclear localization of the EIN2 C terminus, allowing the ethylene signal to reach the downstream transcription factors. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ethylene signal transduction.
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