ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Construction of a chondroitin sulfate library with defined structures and analysis of molecular interactions.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myelin is repaired by constitutive differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Nanoplatforms: Advances and Challenges for Cancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular Matrix in Neural Plasticity and Regeneration.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Preliminary study of the gene expression of sulfation and degradation enzymes for chondroitin sulfate in glycerol-treated C2C12 myoblast cells.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2022Article
- Heterologous production of chondroitin.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Enzyme immobilization offers a robust tool to scale up the production of longer, diverse, natural glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.Glycobiology · 2020Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after optic nerve injury in rodents.Experimental eye research · 2020Article
- Regulation of Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Function by Chondroitin Sulfate in Innate to Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Quantitative analysis of chondroitin sulfate disaccharides from human and rodent fixed brain tissue by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.Glycobiology · 2019Article
- The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer.The FEBS journal · 2019Review
- Chemical synthesis of 4-azido-β-galactosamine derivatives for inhibitors of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase.Glycoconjugate journal · 2018Article
- Identification of a critical sulfation in chondroitin that inhibits axonal regeneration.eLife · 2018Article
- Enzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2017Article
- Molecular dissection of placental malaria protein VAR2CSA interaction with a chemo-enzymatically synthesized chondroitin sulfate library.Glycoconjugate journal · 2016Article
- Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans Are Key Players in Integrin Signaling and Tumor Cell Motility.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2016Article
- Degree of Suppression of Mouse Myoblast Cell Line C₂CMarine drugs · 2016Article
- Heparin and related polysaccharides: synthesis using recombinant enzymes and metabolic engineering.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2015Review
- Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- Synthetic probes of glycosaminoglycan function.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide, composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and modified with sulfate residues at different positions, which plays various roles in development and disease. Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized various CS species with defined lengths and defined sulfate compositions, from chondroitin hexasaccharide conjugated with hexamethylenediamine at the reducing ends, using bacterial chondroitin polymerase and recombinant CS sulfotransferases, including chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase 1 (C4ST-1), chondroitin-6-sulfotransferase 1 (C6ST-1), N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST), and uronosyl 2-sulfotransferase (UA2ST). Sequential modifications of CS with a series of CS sulfotransferases revealed their distinct features, including their substrate specificities. Reactions with chondroitin polymerase generated non-sulfated chondroitin, and those with C4ST-1 and C6ST-1 generated uniformly sulfated CS containing >95% 4S and 6S units, respectively. GalNAc4S-6ST and UA2ST generated highly sulfated CS possessing ∼90% corresponding disulfated disaccharide units. Sequential reactions with UA2ST and GalNAc4S-6ST generated further highly sulfated CS containing a mixed structure of disulfated units. Surprisingly, sequential reactions with GalNAc4S-6ST and UA2ST generated a novel CS molecule containing ∼29% trisulfated disaccharide units. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance analysis using the CS library and natural CS products modified with biotin at the reducing ends, revealed details of the interactions of CS species with anti-CS antibodies, and with CS-binding molecules such as midkine and pleiotrophin. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis enables the generation of CS chains of the desired lengths, compositions, and distinct structures, and the resulting library will be a useful tool for studies of CS functions.
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