ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1990
Proliferating or interleukin 1-activated human vascular smooth muscle cells secrete copious interleukin 6.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unaffected arm muscle hypercatabolism in dysphagic subacute stroke patients: the effects of essential amino acid supplementation.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- Statins potently reduce the cytokine-mediated IL-6 release in SMC/MNC cocultures.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2011Trial
- Translational biology of human cardiac fibrosis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Residual Atherothrombotic Risk After Myocardial Infarction: Integrating Lipid, Inflammatory and Thrombotic Pathways.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Cardiovascular Events: Challenges and Opportunities.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Review
- From Bench to Clinic: Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Cardioprotective effects of carvacrol in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Diabetes-Induced Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications: The Role of Oxidative Stress.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of IL-6 in Ischemic Stroke.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Anti-inflammatory Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- The causal relationship between blood cell indices and 28-day mortality in sepsis: a retrospective study and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Century of Milestones and Breakthroughs Related to the Immune Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Article
- Atherosclerosis: The Involvement of Immunity, Cytokines and Cells in Pathogenesis, and Potential Novel Therapeutics.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Shared inflammatory pathways of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- IL-6 helps weave the inflammatory web during acute coronary syndromes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- PDPN contributes to constructing immunosuppressive microenvironment in IDH wildtype glioma.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Article
- SATB2, coordinated with CUX1, regulates IL-1β-induced senescence-like phenotype in endothelial cells by fine-tuning the atherosclerosis-associated p16Aging cell · 2023Article
- Clonal hematopoiesis, somatic mosaicism, and age-associated disease.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Insights into the Role of Inflammation in the Management of Atherosclerosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cells that make up blood vessel walls appear to participate actively in local immune and inflammatory responses, as well as in certain vascular diseases. We tested here whether smooth muscle cells (SMC) can produce the important inflammatory mediator IL6. Unstimulated SMC in vitro elaborated 5 X 10(3) pg recIL6/24h (i.e., biological activity equivalent to 5 X 10(3) pg recombinant IL6 (recIL6), as determined in B9-assay with a recIL6 standard). Several pathophysiologically relevant factors augmented IL6 release from SMC including 10 micrograms LPS/ml (10(4) pg recIL6), 10 ng tumor necrosis factor/ml (4 X 10(4) pg recIL6), and most notably 10 ng IL1/ml (greater than or equal to 3.2 X 10(5) pg recIL6). Production of IL6 activity corresponded to IL6 mRNA accumulation and de novo synthesis. SMC released newly synthesized IL6 rapidly, as little metabolically labeled material remained cell-associated. In supernatants of IL1-stimulated SMC, IL6 accounted for as much as 4% of the secreted proteins. In normal vessels SMC seldom divide, but SMC proliferation can occur in hypertension or during atherogenesis. We therefore tested the relationship between IL6 production and SMC proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitro. Quiescent SMC released scant IL6 activity, whereas PDGF (1-100 ng/ml) produced concentration-dependent and coordinate enhancement of SMC proliferation and IL6 release (linear regression of growth vs. IL6 release yielded r greater than 0.9). IL6 itself neither stimulated nor inhibited SMC growth or IL6 production. Intact medial strips studied in short-term organoid culture produced large quantities of IL6, similar to the results obtained with cultured SMC. These findings illustrate a new function of vascular SMC by which these cells might participate in local immunoregulation and in the pathogenesis of various important vascular diseases as well as in inflammatory responses generally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.