ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2013
Ketorolac reduces spinal astrocytic activation and PAR1 expression associated with attenuation of pain after facet joint injury.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subfailure capsule strain as the cause of cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash: a scoping review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Bind: large-scale biological interaction network discovery through knowledge graph-driven machine learning.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Scapular dyskinesis and loss of cervical lordosis in myofascial pain syndrome and its effects on pain and posture disorders.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Blood-nerve barrier disruption and coagulation system activation induced by mechanical compression injury participate in the peripheral sensitization of trigeminal neuralgia.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Physiologic facet capsule stretch can induce pain & upregulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the dorsal root ganglia when preceded by a physiological mechanical or nonpainful chemical exposure.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2019Article
- Andrographolide relieved pathological pain generated by spared nerve injury model in mice.Pharmaceutical biology · 2018Article
- Repeated High Rate Facet Capsular Stretch at Strains That are Below the Pain Threshold Induces Pain and Spinal Inflammation With Decreased Ligament Strength in the Rat.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2018Article
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- Ablation of IB4 non-peptidergic afferents in the rat facet joint prevents injury-induced pain and thalamic hyperexcitability via supraspinal glutamate transporters.Neuroscience letters · 2017Article
- The Interface of Mechanics and Nociception in Joint Pathophysiology: Insights From the Facet and Temporomandibular Joints.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2017Review
- The Combination of Ketorolac with Local Anesthesia for Pain Control in Day Care Retinal Detachment Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Spinal Astrocytic Thrombospondin-4 Induced by Excitatory Neuronal Signaling Mediates Pain After Facet Capsule Injury.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2016Article
- Intra-articular nerve growth factor regulates development, but not maintenance, of injury-induced facet joint pain & spinal neuronal hypersensitivity.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2015Article
- Whole-body Vibration at Thoracic Resonance Induces Sustained Pain and Widespread Cervical Neuroinflammation in the Rat.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2015Article
- Thrombospondin-4 and excitatory synaptogenesis promote spinal sensitization after painful mechanical joint injury.Experimental neurology · 2015Article
- Radiologic assessment of forward head posture and its relation to myofascial pain syndrome.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2014Article
- Ablating spinal NK1-bearing neurons eliminates the development of pain and reduces spinal neuronal hyperexcitability and inflammation from mechanical joint injury in the rat.The journal of pain · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic neck pain affects up to 70% of persons, with the facet joint being the most common source. Intra-articular injection of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac reduces post-operative joint-mediated pain; however, the mechanism of its attenuation of facet-mediated pain has not been evaluated. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) has differential roles in pain maintenance depending on the type and location of painful injury. This study investigated if the timing of intra-articular ketorolac injection after painful cervical facet injury affects behavioral hypersensitivity by modulating spinal astrocyte activation and/or PAR1 expression. Rats underwent a painful joint distraction and received an injection of ketorolac either immediately or 1 day later. Separate control groups included injured rats with a vehicle injection at day 1 and sham operated rats. Forepaw mechanical allodynia was measured for 7 days, and spinal cord tissue was immunolabeled for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and PAR1 expression in the dorsal horn on day 7. Ketorolac administered on day 1 after injury significantly reduced allodynia (p=0.0006) to sham levels, whereas injection immediately after the injury had no effect compared with vehicle. Spinal astrocytic activation followed behavioral responses and was significantly decreased (p=0.009) only for ketorolac given at day 1. Spinal PAR1 (p=0.0025) and astrocytic PAR1 (p=0.012) were significantly increased after injury. Paralleling behavioral data, astrocytic PAR1 was returned to levels in sham only when ketorolac was administered on day 1. Yet, spinal PAR1 was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) by ketorolac independent of timing. Spinal astrocyte expression of PAR1 appears to be associated with the maintenance of facet-mediated pain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.