ArticleVaccine2012
High immunogenicity of nicotine vaccines obtained by intradermal delivery with safe adjuvants.
Article in Vaccine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot clinical trial of a near-infrared laser vaccine adjuvant: safety, tolerability, and cutaneous immune cell trafficking.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- Development of a nano-emulsion and evaluation of its intradermal adjuvant function of Swine Influenza H3N2 Vaccine.Virology journal · 2026Article
- NICBrain sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmaceutical and Immunological Evaluation of Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit as an Adjuvant of Hepatitis B Vaccine Microneedles.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Efficiency of Interferon-γ in Activating Dendritic Cells and Its Potential Synergy with Toll-like Receptor Agonists.Viruses · 2023Article
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Effective adjuvantation of nanograms of influenza vaccine and induction of cross-protective immunity by physical radiofrequency adjuvant.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Brief exposure of skin to near-infrared laser augments early vaccine responses.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Review
- Advances in smoking cessation pharmacotherapy: Non-nicotinic approaches in animal models.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Improving immunogenicity and safety of flagellin as vaccine carrier by high-density display on virus-like particle surface.Biomaterials · 2020Article
- Laser adjuvant for vaccination.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Review
- Effect of Adjuvant Release Rate on the Immunogenicity of Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines: A Case Study with a Nanoparticle-Based Nicotine Vaccine.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Novel technologies in detection, treatment and prevention of substance use disorders.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2019Review
- Brief Exposure of Skin to Near-Infrared Laser Modulates Mast Cell Function and Augments the Immune Response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Rationalization of a nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccine as an effective next-generation nicotine vaccine: A focus on hapten localization.Biomaterials · 2017Article
- Delta inulin-based adjuvants promote the generation of polyfunctional CD4Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Near-Infrared 1064 nm Laser Modulates Migratory Dendritic Cells To Augment the Immune Response to Intradermal Influenza Vaccine.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Conjugate Vaccine Immunotherapy for Substance Use Disorder.Pharmacological reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy for tobacco addiction may offer a safe, alternative treatment if the immunogenicity of the current nicotine vaccines can be improved. We show here that intradermal (ID) immunization induces the production of antibody directed against nicotine (NicAb) at a much higher level than conventional intramuscular (IM) immunization. The magnitude and duration of NicAb production was further increased robustly by non-inflammatory laser vaccine adjuvant (LVA), slightly inflammatory monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or a combination of MPL and CpG adjuvants. Consequently, significantly fewer vaccination doses were required to attain a high level of NicAb production for an extended period of time and reduce nicotine entry into the brain in the presence of LVA, MPL or MPL/CpG adjuvant, respectively. Yet, the potency of these adjuvants to augment ID nicotine vaccine immunogenicity came at the expense of local skin reactogenicity, with LVA causing little skin reaction and MPL/CpG stimulating overt skin irritation. These observations underscore a necessity of a balance between optimal adjuvant potency and undesired local reactogenicity. In summary, our study presents a novel approach to significantly improve nicotine vaccine immunogenicity by a combination of safe cutaneous vaccine adjuvants with ID immunization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.