ArticleContraception2013
Optimal methods for collecting and storing vaginal specimens for prostate-specific antigen testing in research studies.
Article in Contraception, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of erectogenic condom against semen exposure among women in Vietnam: Randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Effects of initiating a contraceptive implant on subsequent condom use: A randomized controlled trial.Contraception · 2015Trial
- Association Between Negative Pregnancy Desires and Recent Condomless Sex Among Couples in Vietnam.Journal of sex research · 2026Article
- Prostate-specific antigen concentration in vaginal fluid after exposure to semen.Contraception · 2017Article
- Vaginal Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Is a Useful Biomarker of Semen Exposure Among HIV-Infected Ugandan Women.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Recent Biomarker-Confirmed Unprotected Vaginal Sex, But Not Self-reported Unprotected Sex, Is Associated With Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Article
- The use of biomarkers of semen exposure in sexual and reproductive health studies.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2014Article
- Detection of two biological markers of intercourse: prostate-specific antigen and Y-chromosomal DNA.Contraception · 2013Article
- Biological markers of sexual activity: tools for improving measurement in HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention research.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProstate-specific antigen (PSA) detected in vaginal fluid can be used in studies of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention as an alternative to relying on participant reports of exposure to semen. Optimal methods for collecting and storing specimens for this testing have not been determined. STUDY
designWe conducted a controlled, in vitro experiment of 550 specimens spiked with semen to determine the effects of swab type (five types), storage conditions of the swabs (room temperature with or without desiccant or at -80°C without desiccant) and time from collection to testing (seven intervals over the course of 12 months) on the identification of PSA. We performed factorial analysis of variance to identify factors influencing PSA detection.
resultsConcentrations of PSA detected in the swabs declined with time of storage over the 1-year experiment (p<.01). The 1-mL, rayon-tipped swab stored immediately at -80°C following collection performed best.
conclusionsIf immediate testing or freezer storage is not feasible, investigators should use a swab with 1-mL capacity with processing and testing as soon as possible after specimen collection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.