ArticlePloS one2012
Comparison of suprachoroidal drug delivery with subconjunctival and intravitreal routes using noninvasive fluorophotometry.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and clinical outcomes of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide in diabetic macular edema patients: a single-arm systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-tubercular therapy for intraocular tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Survey of ophthalmologyPooled it
- Choroidal Changes After Suprachoroidal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Eyes With Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion.American journal of ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- A low-cost, tunable suprachoroidal injection platform with real-time OCT guidance for gene therapy delivery.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Topotecan Microneedle Scleral Patch: A Transscleral Drug Delivery Study for Retinoblastoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-enabled delivery of plant-derived bioactive metabolites for diabetic retinopathy: from evidence appraisal to preclinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Recent advances and future challenges in nanosystems for ocular drug delivery.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Near-Real Surgical Specimens (NRSS): A Novel Platform for Standardized Assessment of Suprachoroidal Drug Delivery.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, Comparisons, and Safety Profiles of Slow-Release Therapies in Glaucoma.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Suprachoroidal Injection in Cadaveric and Preclinical Models.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- What's New in Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances in Suprachoroidal Injection since 2023.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Rapidly Dissolving Trans-scleral Microneedles for Intraocular Delivery of Cyclosporine A.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Discovery and Potential Utility of a Novel Non-Invasive Ocular Delivery Platform.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Refractory post-surgical cystoid macular edema managed following suprachoroidal microcatheterization and delivery of triamcinolone.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Suprachoroidal Injection: A Novel Approach for Targeted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Physiology-Based Mathematical Model to Understand Drug Delivery from Contact Lenses to the Back of the Eye.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Ocular immunosuppressive microenvironment and novel drug delivery for control of uveitis.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Suprachoroidal Delivery in Rats and Guinea Pigs Using a High-Precision Microneedle Injector.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Nanomedicine and drug delivery to the retina: current status and implications for gene therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Protein and polypeptide mediated delivery to the eye.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether exposure of sodium fluorescein (NaF) to the choroid-retina region in the posterior segment of the eye is greater with suprachoroidal injection when compared to intravitreal and transscleral routes.
methodsSuprachoroidal injection, a new approach for drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye was validated using a 34 G needle and Indian ink injections in Sprague Dawley rats, followed by histology. Delivery of NaF was compared in Sprague Dawley rats after suprachoroidal, posterior subconjunctival, or intravitreal injections. NaF levels were monitored noninvasively up to 6 hours using Fluorotron Master™, an ocular fluorophotometer Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using WinNonlin.
resultsHistological analysis indicated localization of India ink to the suprachoroidal space below sclera, following injection. NaF delivery to choroid-retina was in the order: suprachoroidal > intravitreal >posterior subconjunctival injection. Peak NaF concentration (C(max)) in choroid-retina was 36-fold (p = 0.001) and 25-fold (p = 0.001) higher after suprachoroidal (2744±1111 ng/ml) injection when compared to posterior subconjunctival (76±6 ng/ml) and intravitreal (108±39 ng/ml) injections, respectively. NaF exposure (AUC(0-360min)) to choroid-retina after suprachoroidal injection was 6-fold (p = 0.001) and 2-fold (p = 0.03) higher than posterior subconjunctival and intravitreal injections, respectively. Choroid-retina T(max) was observed immediately after dosing with suprachoroidal injections and at 10 and 27.5 minutes, respectively, with subconjunctival and intravitreal injections.
conclusionsSuprachoroidal injections are feasible in a rat model. Suprachoroidal injections resulted in the highest bioavailability, that is, the extent and rate of delivery of NaF to choroid-retina, when compared to intravitreal and posterior subconjunctival injections. Ocular fluorophotometry is useful for noninvasive monitoring of NaF in rats following administration by various routes including suprachoroidal route.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.