ArticleThe EMBO journal1990
Expression of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene in differentiating chick muscle cells is activated by an element that contains two 16 bp copies of a segment of the alpha-subunit enhancer.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel signaling pathway: fibroblast nicotinic receptor alpha1 binds urokinase and promotes renal fibrosis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
- Article
- Identification of a DNA element determining synaptic expression of the mouse acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1995Article
- Promoter elements and transcriptional control of the chicken tropomyosin gene [corrected].Nucleic acids research · 1994Article
- Rapid inhibition of myogenin-driven acetylcholine receptor subunit gene transcription.The EMBO journal · 1994Article
- cis-acting sequences of the rat troponin I slow gene confer tissue- and development-specific transcription in cultured muscle cells as well as fiber type specificity in transgenic mice.Molecular and cellular biology · 1993Article
- Differential expression of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit variants in muscle and non-muscle tissues.Nucleic acids research · 1993Article
- Regulation of the mouse desmin gene: transactivated by MyoD, myogenin, MRF4 and Myf5.Nucleic acids research · 1993Article
- Response of myogenic determination factors to cessation and resumption of electrical activity in skeletal muscle: a possible role for myogenin in denervation supersensitivity.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 1992Article
- Analysis of binding and activating functions of the chick muscle acetylcholine receptor gamma-subunit upstream sequence.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 1992Article
- The 5'-flanking region of the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta subunit gene promotes expression in cultured muscle cells and is activated by MRF4, myogenin and myoD.Nucleic acids research · 1992Article
- CTF4, a chicken transcription factor of the helix-loop-helix class A family.Nucleic acids research · 1992Article
- Both muscle-specific and ubiquitous nuclear factors are required for muscle-specific expression of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene in cultured cells.Molecular and cellular biology · 1992Article
- Autonomous activity of the alternate aldolase A muscle promoter is maintained by a sequestering mechanism.Nucleic acids research · 1992Article
- Different mechanisms regulate muscle-specific AChR gamma- and epsilon-subunit gene expression.The EMBO journal · 1991Article
- Paired MyoD-binding sites regulate myosin light chain gene expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1991Article
- Muscle-specific expression of the troponin I gene requires interactions between helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors and ubiquitous transcription factors.Molecular and cellular biology · 1991Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The acetylcholine receptor is a multimeric membrane protein whose expression is activated during muscle differentiation and upon denervation of adult muscle. To gain insight into the coordinate expression of receptor subunits during myogenesis we have analyzed the chick muscle receptor delta-subunit gene upstream region. The delta-subunit gene lacks canonical promoter elements (CCAAT and TATA boxes). Nuclease protection and primer extension analysis revealed that transcription starts at six major and several minor sites between -110 and -30 upstream of the translational initiation site; two sites, at positions -77 and -66, give rise to approximately 50% of all transcripts. Using nested deletions of the proximal 960 bp of the 5' flanking region of this gene we have identified a 62 bp sequence (-207 to -146) that activates transcription in a position independent manner. This enhancer-like element is activated during myotube formation; it contains two distinct functional moieties, each resembling the same 16 bp portion of the stage and tissue specific alpha-subunit gene enhancer which we have characterized previously [Wang et al. (1988) Neuron, 1, 527-534]. This common element, which also comprises several previously proposed skeletal muscle specific motifs [Buskin, J. N. and Hauschka, S. D. (1989) Mol. Cell Biol., 9, 2627-2640; Mar, J. H. and Ordahl, C. P. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 6404-6408], may account for the coordinate expression of the two subunits. The cell specificity of the delta-subunit gene 5' flanking region is partly due to the enhancer, partly to an inhibitory element upstream of -207.
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