ArticleEpidemiology and infection2013
Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease varies by neighbourhood characteristics: implications for prevention policies.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk conditions for invasive pneumococcal disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- MACRO SOLUTIONS TO A MICRO PROBLEM: DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2025Article
- Serotype 1 pneumococcus: epidemiology, genomics, and disease mechanisms.Trends in microbiology · 2022Review
- Refinement and Validation of a Clinical-Based Approach to Evaluate Young Febrile Infants.Hospital pediatrics · 2022Article
- Role of Inflammatory Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- NIH support of mobile, imaging, pervasive sensing, social media and location tracking (MISST) research: laying the foundation to examine research ethics in the digital age.NPJ digital medicine · 2018Article
- Spatial variation of pneumonia hospitalization risk in Twin Cities metro area, Minnesota.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Article
- Influence of environmental conditions and pollution on the incidence ofERJ open research · 2017Article
- Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Immunity in the Elderly.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Review
- Article
- Geographic Variation in Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Across One County.JAMA pediatrics · 2015Article
- Population-based epidemiology and microbiology of community-onset bloodstream infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- Racial Disparities in Incidence of Legionnaires' Disease and Social Determinants of Health: A Narrative Review.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Review
- Socioeconomic Position and the Incidence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates neighbourhood variation in rates of pneumococcal bacteraemia and community-level factors associated with neighbourhood heterogeneity in disease risk. We analysed data from 1416 adult and paediatric cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia collected during 2005-2008 from a population-based hospital surveillance network in metropolitan Philadelphia. Cases were geocoded using residential address to measure disease incidence by neighbourhood and identify potential neighbourhood-level risk factors. Overall incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia was 36∙8 cases/100,000 population and varied significantly (0-67∙8 cases/100,000 population) in 281 neighbourhoods. Increased disease incidence was associated with higher population density [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1∙10/10,000 people per mile², 95% confidence interval (CI) 1∙0-1∙19], higher percent black population (per 10% increase) (IRR 1∙07, 95% CI 1∙04-1∙09), population aged ≤5 years (IRR 3∙49, CI 1∙8-5∙18) and population aged ≥65 years (IRR 1∙19, CI 1∙00-1∙38). After adjusting for these characteristics, there was no significant difference in neighbourhood disease rates. This study demonstrates substantial small-area variation in pneumococcal bacteraemia risk that appears to be explained by neighbourhood sociodemographic characteristics. Identifying neighbourhoods with increased disease risk may provide valuable information to optimize implementation of prevention strategies.
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