ArticleBMC plant biology2012
Expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase is controlled by P1, the regulator of 3-deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis in maize.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qSRC3 controlling the silk color in maize (Zea mays L.).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2024Article
- Haploid identification in maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Genetic analysis of pericarp pigmentation variation in Corn Belt dent maize.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Characterization and nutritional valorization of agricultural waste corncobs from Italian maize landraces through the growth of medicinal mushrooms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the mechanisms of light-induced pigmentation in purple waxy maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Identification of Oil Palm's Consistently Upregulated Genes during Early Infections ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19?Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Overexpression ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function Restoration in Mice by Maize Diet Containing Enriched Flavan-4-Ols.Nutrients · 2020Article
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe maize (Zea mays) red aleurone1 (pr1) encodes a CYP450-dependent flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (ZmF3'H1) required for the biosynthesis of purple and red anthocyanin pigments. We previously showed that Zmf3'h1 is regulated by C1 (Colorless1) and R1 (Red1) transcription factors. The current study demonstrates that, in addition to its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, the Zmf3'h1 gene also participates in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids and phlobaphenes that accumulate in maize pericarps, cob glumes, and silks. Biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids is regulated by P1 (Pericarp color1) and is independent from the action of C1 and R1 transcription factors.
resultsIn maize, apiforol and luteoforol are the precursors of condensed phlobaphenes. Maize lines with functional alleles of pr1 and p1 (Pr1;P1) accumulate luteoforol, while null pr1 lines with a functional or non-functional p1 allele (pr1;P1 or pr1;p1) accumulate apiforol. Apiforol lacks a hydroxyl group at the 3'-position of the flavylium B-ring, while luteoforol has this hydroxyl group. Our biochemical analysis of accumulated compounds in different pr1 genotypes showed that the pr1 encoded ZmF3'H1 has a role in the conversion of mono-hydroxylated to bi-hydroxylated compounds in the B-ring. Steady state RNA analyses demonstrated that Zmf3'h1 mRNA accumulation requires a functional p1 allele. Using a combination of EMSA and ChIP experiments, we established that the Zmf3'h1 gene is a direct target of P1. Highlighting the significance of the Zmf3'h1 gene for resistance against biotic stress, we also show here that the p1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone (maysin) defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1; P1 silks showed slower growth as compared to pr1; P1 silks.
conclusionsOur results show that the Zmf3'h1 gene participates in the biosynthesis of phlobaphenes and agronomically important 3-deoxyflavonoid compounds under the regulatory control of P1.
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