ArticleEcotoxicology (London, England)2013
Experimental exposure of red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) to seeds coated with imidacloprid, thiram and difenoconazole.
Article in Ecotoxicology (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary exposure to pesticides in poultry: From semen quality to embryonic mortality and tissue accumulation.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Fatal babesiosis in a free-ranging iberian wolf co-infected withInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Comparative Sublethal Toxicity of Three Neonicotinoids in Red-Winged Blackbirds.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Effect of Fertigated Water Consumption on the Immune Responsiveness and Antipredator Behavior of Red-Legged Partridge Chicks.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Pilot study on neonicotinoids in Finnish waterbirds: no detectable concentrations in common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) plasma.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Article
- Ornamental plants as vectors of pesticide exposure and potential threat to biodiversity and human health.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Dietary Curcumin Modulating Effect on Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immune-Related Response of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Imidacloprid Insecticide.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Diet and Spatial Ecology Influence Red-Legged Partridge Exposure to Pesticides Used as Seed Treatment.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Imidacloprid exposure is detectable in over one third of wild bird samples from diverse Texas ecoregions.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Triazole pesticides exposure impaired steroidogenesis associated to an increase in AHR and CAR expression in testis and altered sperm parameters in chicken.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Early life neonicotinoid exposure results in proximal benefits and ultimate carryover effects.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Opinion: Neonicotinoids pose undocumented threats to food webs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Sublethal and Lethal Methods to Detect Recent Imidacloprid Exposure in Birds with Application to Field Studies.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2020Article
- Evaluation of neurobehavioral abnormalities and immunotoxicity in response to oral imidacloprid exposure in domestic chickens (Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2020Article
- Article
- Multi-scale availability of neonicotinoid-treated seed for wildlife in an agricultural landscape during spring planting.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Using long-term datasets to assess the impacts of dietary exposure to neonicotinoids on farmland bird populations in England.PloS one · 2019Article
- Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Review
- Potential impact of neonicotinoid use on Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in Texas: A historical analysis.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pesticide coated seeds are commonly used in agriculture, and may be an important source of food for some birds in times of scarcity, as well as a route of pesticide ingestion. We tested the lethal and sub-lethal effects of treated seed ingestion by the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), a game bird of high socio-economic value in Spain. One year-old partridges (n = 42 pairs) were fed for 10 days in spring (prior to breeding) with wheat treated with difenoconazole (fungicide), thiram (fungicide) or imidacloprid (insecticide), using two doses for each pesticide (the one recommended, and its double to represent potential cases of abuse of pesticides). We investigated the direct and indirect effects on the body condition, physiology, immunology, coloration and subsequent reproduction of exposed partridges. For the latter, eggs were collected, measured and incubated and the growth and survival of chicks were monitored. Thiram and imidacloprid at high exposure doses produced mortalities of 41.6 and 58.3 %, respectively. The first death was observed at day 3 for imidacloprid and at day 7 for thiram. Both doses of the three pesticides caused sublethal effects, such as altered biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and reduced carotenoid-based coloration. The high exposure doses of imidacloprid and thiram also produced a decrease in cellular immune response measured by the phytohemagglutinin test in males. Bearing in mind the limitation of the small number of surviving pairs in some treatments, we found that the three pesticides reduced the size of eggs and imidacloprid and difenoconazole also reduced the fertilization rate. In addition, both thiram and imidacloprid reduced chick survival. These experiments highlight that the toxicity of pesticide-treated seeds is a factor to consider in the decline of birds in agricultural environments.
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