ReviewNutrition reviews2012
Early childhood growth failure and the developmental origins of adult disease: do enteric infections and malnutrition increase risk for the metabolic syndrome?
Review in Nutrition reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05121935 (MAL-ED Metabolic), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MAL-ED Metabolic: A Follow-Up of Chronic Disease at Puberty
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Vitamin D Status and Undernutrition Indices in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years: a meta-analyses study.The Lancet. Global health · 2018Pooled it
- Caregiving Disruptions Affect Growth and Pubertal Development in Early Adolescence in Institutionalized and Fostered Romanian Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Infant Nutritional Status and Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction are Associated with Midchildhood Anthropometry and Blood Pressure in Tanzania.The Journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Multi-omics insights into growth impairment mechanisms in children with persistent diarrhea.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Under-nutrition and its associated factors among under-five children across urban and rural settings of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional comparative study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Quantifying national burdens of foodborne disease-Four imperatives for global impact.PLOS global public health · 2025Review
- The nonlineard association between triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio and long-term heart disease risk: findings from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Observational
- A New Murine Undernutrition Model Based on Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Causes Damage to the Morphofunctional Intestinal Epithelium Barrier.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Age- and height-dependent bias of underweight and overweight assessment standards for children and adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Identification of potential biomarkers in malnutrition children with severity byEuropean journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Relationship between short stature at 3 years old and height, weight, and body mass index changes for 6 years after birth: a retrospective, nationwide, population-based study of children born 2011-2014 in Korea.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Article
- Early-Life Enteric Pathogen Exposure, Socioeconomic Status, and School-Age Cognitive Outcomes.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nutrient intakes from complementary foods are associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers among undernourished Peruvian children.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Enteropathy Markers in Early Life Were Associated with Adipokine, Apolipoprotein, and Cytokine Profiles Consistent with an Adverse Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Profile Later in Childhood in a Peruvian Birth Cohort.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Association between hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and growth of offspring in early childhood: The PANDORA study.Pediatric obesity · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypotheses regarding the developmental origins of health and disease postulate that developing fetuses - and potentially young children - undergo adaptive epigenetic changes that have longstanding effects on metabolism and other processes. Ongoing research explores whether these adaptations occur during early life following early childhood malnutrition. In the developing world, there remains a high degree of nutritional stunting, defined as linear growth failure caused by inadequate caloric intake, which may be exacerbated by inflammation from ongoing infections. In areas with poor sanitation, children experience vicious cycles of enteric infections and malnutrition, resulting in poor nutrient absorption as a result of changes in the intestinal mucosa, now termed "environmental enteropathy." Emerging evidence links early childhood diarrhea and/or growth failure with an increased occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in later life, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. The mechanisms for these associations remain poorly understood and may relate to epigenetic responses to poor nutrition, increased inflammation, or both. Given the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in developing areas of the world, associations between childhood malnutrition, early-life infections, and the increased occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease underscore further reasons to improve nutrition and infection-related outcomes for young children worldwide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.