ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2012
Mechanisms of oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic modulation via fumaric acid esters.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- The Diet-Multiple Sclerosis Connection: Oxidative Stress and Emerging Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Causal Effect of Dietary Patterns on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Is Obesity a Modifiable Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis? Mechanistic Insights into Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Behavioral and Structural Impairments Associated with Brain Ischemia in Rats.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Parkinson Disease Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advancing Alzheimer's Therapy: Computational strategies and treatment innovations.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Lead Phytomolecules for Treating Parkinson's Disease.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Agents: Implications for Parkinson's Disease Treatment.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- Study on the mechanism of Dexmedetomidine's effect on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly people.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Evaluation relationship between VDR gene and clinical and inflammatory factors in patients with RRMS.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Positive Effects of Uric Acid on White Matter Microstructures and Treatment Response in Patients With Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-mitophagy effects of trans sodium crocetinate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in BALB/C57 mice.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models.Cells · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress and the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Certain Exogenous and Endogenous Nrf2 Activators and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Microfluidic models of the neurovascular unit: a translational view.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Review
- Beneficial Effects of Plant Oils Supplementation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Review
- The Hepatoprotective Effects ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in many neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's as well as Huntington's disease. Inflammation and oxidative stress are also thought to promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent data point at an important role of anti-oxidative pathways for tissue protection in chronic-progressive MS, particularly involving the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Thus, novel therapeutics enhancing cellular resistance to free radicals could prove useful for MS treatment. Here, fumaric acid esters (FAE) are a new, orally available treatment option which had already been tested in phase II/III MS trials demonstrating beneficial effects on relapse rates and magnetic resonance imaging markers. In vitro, application of dimethylfumarate (DMF) leads to stabilization of Nrf2, activation of Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activity and abundant synthesis of detoxifying proteins. Furthermore, application of FAE involves direct modification of the inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. On cellular levels, the application of FAE enhances neuronal survival and protects astrocytes against oxidative stress. Increased levels of Nrf2 are detected in the central nervous system of DMF treated mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. In EAE, DMF ameliorates the disease course and improves preservation of myelin, axons and neurons. Finally, Nrf2 is also up-regulated in the spinal cord of autopsy specimens from untreated patients with MS, probably as part of a naturally occurring anti-oxidative response. In summary, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative pathways are important players in MS pathophysiology and constitute a promising target for future MS therapies like FAE.
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Registered trials
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