ArticleAnnals of neurology2012
Isoflurane-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the neonatal primate brain.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The EPigenetic Consequences in Children of Intravenous vs Volatile Anaesthesia for Surgery (EPIVA) - A Randomised, Feasibility Trial
Long-term Effect of General Anesthesia Before School Age on Neurodevelopment in Children With Congenital Scoliosis
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to halogenated ethers causes neurodegeneration and behavioural changes in young healthy experimental animals: a systematic review and meta analyses.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Propofol Exposure on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children With High-Risk B ALL: A Children's Oncology Group Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age after general anaesthesia and awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international multicentre, randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Beyond Histamine Blockade: Clemastine Fumarate as a Promoter of Myelin Regeneration, Inflammatory Regulation, and Neuroimmune Modulation in CNS Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Effects of Anesthesia Neurotoxicity on Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination: An In Vitro Study Using Primary Cultures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of Sevoflurane on the Development of a Human Brain Microphysiological System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- General Anesthetic Exposure in the Management of Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- The dual effects of anesthetics on glial cells: a review of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- From neurotoxicity to neuroprotection: Rethinking GABACell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- N-Acety-L-Cysteine Alleviates Isoflurane-Triggered Neuronal Cell Parthanatos by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Through the Induction of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2025Article
- General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain.Zoological research · 2024Review
- Postnatal Brain Trajectories and Maternal Intelligence Predict Childhood Outcomes in Complex CHD.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Global Trends and Hotspots in Pediatric Anesthetic Neurotoxicity Research: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2000 to 2023.Cureus · 2024Review
- Effects of multiple anesthetic exposures on rhesus macaque brain development: a longitudinal structural MRI analysis.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions.Frontiers in urology · 2024Review
- Commentary: Early-in-life Isoflurane Exposure Alters Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Juvenile Non-human Primates - a Role for Neuroinflammation?Journal of immunological sciences · 2024Article
- Early life phenobarbital exposure dysregulates the hippocampal transcriptome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePreviously we reported that exposure of 6-day-old (P6) rhesus macaques to isoflurane for 5 hours triggers a robust neuroapoptosis response in developing brain. We have also observed (unpublished data) that isoflurane causes apoptosis of cellular profiles in the white matter that resemble glia. We analyzed the cellular identity of the apoptotic white matter profiles and determined the magnitude of this cell death response to isoflurane.
methodsNeonatal (P6) rhesus macaques were exposed for 5 hours to isoflurane anesthesia according to current clinical standards in pediatric anesthesia. Brains were collected 3 hours later and examined immunohistochemically to analyze apoptotic neuronal and glial death.
resultsBrains exposed to isoflurane displayed significant apoptosis in both the white and gray matter throughout the central nervous system. Approximately 52% of the dying cells were glia, and 48% were neurons. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) engaged in myelinogenesis were selectively vulnerable, in contrast to OL progenitors, astrocytes, microglia, and interstitial neurons. When adjusted for control rates of OL apoptosis, the percentage of OLs that degenerated in the forebrain white matter of the isoflurane-treated group was 6.3% of the total population of myelinating OLs.
interpretationExposure of the infant rhesus macaque brain to isoflurane for 5 hours is sufficient to cause widespread apoptosis of neurons and OLs throughout the developing brain. Deletion of OLs at a stage when they are just beginning to myelinate axons could potentially have adverse long-term neurobehavioral consequences that might be additive to the potential consequences of isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.