ArticlePlacenta2012
Immunomodulatory molecules are released from the first trimester and term placenta via exosomes.
Article in Placenta, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of exosomal PD-L1 in cancer therapy.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Chemogenetic placental activation and proteomic extracellular vesicle signatures predict functional roles across pregnancy and postpartum.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Tissue derived extracellular vesicles advance from disease mechanisms to clinical application.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Nonclassical MHC-I Molecules: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Next-Generation Immunotherapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Flow Cytometric Detection of Biomarker Changes in CFDA-SE-Labelled Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Using a Rodent Pregnancy Model of Prenatal Diagnostics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Equine Chronic Degenerative Endometritis Treatment.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Tissue-Specific Extracellular Vesicles Enriched From Circulation: Exploring the Liquid Biopsy Perspective.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles in maternal plasma of Hb Bart's fetuses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Vertical Transmission of Exosomes in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Pregnancy Complications.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Molecular Dialogue: Mitochondria, Epigenetics, and Extracellular Vesicles in Placental Function and Pregnancy Complications.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- First trimester extravillous trophoblast secretes HLA class I molecules via small extracellular vesicles.Placenta · 2025Article
- The Use of Potent Populations of Expanded Fetal Human Placental Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in a Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells derived from preterm umbilical cord reveal a hepatogenic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- The Placenta as an Immunological Environment.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Fetal microchimeric cells influence maternal lung health following term and preterm births.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Pregnancy Complications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Novel Advances in Cell-Free Therapy for Premature Ovarian Failure (POF): A Comprehensive Review.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Placenta Extracellular Vesicles: Messengers Connecting Maternal and Fetal Systems.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The 'communicatome' of pregnancy: spotlight on cellular and extravesicular chimerism.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The semiallogenic fetus is tolerated by the maternal immune system through control of innate and adaptive immune responses. Trophoblast cells secrete nanometer scale membranous particles called exosomes, which have been implicated in modulation of the local and systemic maternal immune system. Here we investigate the possibility that exosomes secreted from the first trimester and term placenta carry HLA-G and B7 family immunomodulators. Confocal microscopy of placental sections revealed intracellular co-localization of B7-H1 with CD63, suggesting that B7-H1 associates with subcellular vesicles that give rise to exosomes. First trimester and term placental explants were then cultured for 24 h. B7H-1 (CD274), B7-H3 (CD276) and HLA-G5 were abundant in pelleted supernatants of these cultures that contained microparticles and exosomes; the latter, however, was observed only in first trimester pellets and was nearly undetectable in term explant-derived pellets. Further purification of exosomes by sucrose density fractionation confirmed the association of these proteins specifically with exosomes. Finally, culture of purified trophoblast cells in the presence or absence of EGF suggested that despite the absence of HLA-G5 association with term explant-derived exosomes, it is present in exosomes secreted from mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells. Further, differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells reduced the presence of HLA-G5 in secreted exosomes. Together, the results suggest that the immunomodulatory proteins HLA-G5, B7-H1 and B7-H3, are secreted from early and term placenta, and have important implications in the mechanisms by which trophoblast immunomodulators modify the maternal immunological environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.