ArticleToxins2012
Intranasal rapamycin rescues mice from staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced shock.
Article in Toxins, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of mTOR activation in steroid-resistant asthma: insights from particulate matter-induced mouse model and patient studies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Mining and analysis of drug-induced shock adverse reactions: A comprehensive pharmacovigilance study based on the US FAERS database.PloS one · 2025Article
- The SEB1741 Aptamer Is an Efficient Tool for Blocking CD4+ T Cell Activation Induced by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Effect of Rapamycin on TDP-43-Related Pathogenesis in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- FDA-approved immunosuppressants targeting staphylococcal superantigens: mechanisms and insights.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2017Review
- Δ(9) Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced inflammatory lung injury and prevents mortality in mice by modulation of miR-17-92 cluster and induction of T-regulatory cells.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Article
- Drug repurposing for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.Current pharmaceutical design · 2015Review
- Article
- Differential Role of Rapamycin and Torin/KU63794 in Inflammatory Response of 264.7 RAW Macrophages Stimulated by CA-MRSA.International journal of inflammation · 2014Article
- Update on staphylococcal superantigen-induced signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions.Toxins · 2013Review
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a pathway less recognized for staphylococcal superantigen-induced toxicity.Toxins · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are potent activators of the immune system and cause toxic shock in humans. Currently there is no effective treatment except for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins administered shortly after SEB exposure. Intranasal SEB induces long-lasting lung injury which requires prolonged drug treatment. We investigated the effects of rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent graft rejection, by intranasal administration in a lethal mouse model of SEB-induced shock. The results show that intranasal rapamycin alone delivered as late as 17 h after SEB protected 100% of mice from lethal shock. Additionally, rapamycin diminished the weight loss and temperature fluctuations elicited by SEB. Intranasal rapamycin attenuated lung MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IFNγ by 70%, 30%, 64%, and 68% respectively. Furthermore, short courses (three doses) of rapamycin were sufficient to block SEB-induced shock. Intranasal rapamycin represents a novel use of an immunosuppressant targeting directly to site of toxin exposure, reducing dosages needed and allowing a wider therapeutic window.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.