SynthesisThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2013
The role of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin in staphylococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 453 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius carriage in healthy dogs and cats: a systematic review of their antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic lineages of zoonotic relevance.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The PVL threat: A multicenter, single-cohort retrospective study of Panton-Valentine leukocidin staphylococcal infections in critically ill children.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization of PVL-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from skin and soft tissue infections in Alexandria, Egypt.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- A comparative analysis of the clinical and genomic characteristics of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- The global epidemiology of MRSA.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Clindamycin and daptomycin failure in PVL-positive MRSA infection of the skin and soft tissue.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Article
- One Health Genomic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. From Humans, Cats, and Dogs in a Veterinary Hospital in Central Chile.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hijacking the signal: a critical evaluation of quorum sensing inhibitors as a next-generation approach against Staphylococcus aureus.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Genomic comparison of methicillin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of non-CC398 methicillin-resistantFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fatal Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive MSSA toxic shock syndrome: a call for rapid virulence detection and optimized antimicrobial therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Fulminant shock due to PVL-positiveFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Decolonization Strategies, and Treatment Options of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Neonates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvasive community-onset staphylococcal disease has emerged worldwide associated with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin. Whether PVL is pathogenic or an epidemiological marker is unclear. We investigate the role of PVL in disease, colonisation, and clinical outcome.
methodsWe searched Medline and Embase for original research reporting the prevalence of PVL genes among Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, bacteraemia, musculoskeletal infection, skin and soft-tissue infection, or colonisation published before Oct 1, 2011. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) to compare patients with PVL-positive colonisation and each infection relative to the odds of PVL-positive skin and soft-tissue infection. We did meta-analyses to estimate odds of infection or colonisation with a PVL-positive strain with fixed-effects or random-effects models, depending on the results of tests for heterogeneity.
resultsOf 509 articles identified by our search strategy, 76 studies from 31 countries met our inclusion criteria. PVL strains are strongly associated with skin and soft-tissue infections, but are comparatively rare in pneumonia (OR 0·37, 95% CI 0·22-0·63), musculoskeletal infections (0·44, 0·19-0·99), bacteraemias (0·10, 0·06-0·18), and colonising strains (0·07, 0·01-0·31). PVL-positive skin and soft-tissue infections are more likely to be treated surgically than are PVL-negative infections, and children with PVL-positive musculoskeletal disease might have increased morbidity. For other forms of disease we identified no evidence that PVL affects outcome.
interpretationPVL genes are consistently associated with skin and soft-tissue infections and are comparatively rare in invasive disease. This finding challenges the view that PVL mainly causes invasive disease with poor prognosis. Population-based studies are needed to define the role of PVL in mild, moderate, and severe disease and to inform control strategies.
fundingNone.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.