ArticleAtherosclerosis2012
The relationship between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin and peripheral artery disease in older persons.
Article in Atherosclerosis, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperandrogenism Synergizes With Obesity to Increase the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy After Frozen Embryo Transfer.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Implications of inflammation and sex in lower extremity arterial disease.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Sex-Based Divide: Exploring Sex Differences in Peripheral Artery Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Weight Loss Differentially Impacts Sex Hormones in Women and Men With Type 2 Diabetes: Look AHEAD Sex Hormone Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Relation With Cardiovascular Disease in Cisgender Women and Transgender People.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Estrogen Deficiency Aggravates Fluoride-Induced Liver Damage and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- In-hospital mortality in patients with acute limb ischemia over a 12-year period in the Brazilian public health-care system.Jornal vascular brasileiro · 2021Article
- Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2017Review
- Aging and sex hormones in males.Virulence · 2017Review
- Association of sex hormones with carotid artery distensibility in men and postmenopausal women: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2015Article
- Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease.Asian journal of andrologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) increases with aging and is higher in persons with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. PAD is associated with adverse outcomes, including frailty and disability. The protective effect of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) for diabetes in men suggests that the biological activity of sex hormones may affect PAD, especially in older populations.
methodsNine hundred and twenty-one elderly subjects with data on SHBG, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) were selected from InCHIANTI study. PAD was defined as an Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) < 0.90. Logistic regression models adjusted for age (Model 1), age, BMI, insulin, interleukin-6, physical activity, smoking, chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome (Model 2), and a final model including also sex hormones (Model 3) were performed to test the relationship between SHBG, sex hormones and PAD.
resultsThe mean age (±SD) of the 419 men and 502 women was 75.0 ± 6.8 years. Sixty two participants (41 men, 21 women) had ABI < 0.90. Men with PAD had SHBG levels lower than men without PAD (p = 0.03). SHBG was negatively and independently associated with PAD in men (p = 0.028) but not in women. The relationship was however attenuated after adjusting for sex hormones (p = 0.07). The E2 was not significantly associated with PAD in both men and women. In women, but not in men, T was positively associated with PAD, even after adjusting for multiple confounders, including E2 (p = 0.01).
conclusionsLow SHBG and high T levels are significantly and independently associated with the presence of PAD in older men and women, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.