ArticleVaccine2012
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines induce broad immunological reactivity to both internal virion components and influenza surface proteins.
Article in Vaccine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccine-induced boosting of influenza virus-specific CD4 T cells in younger and aged humans.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Adjuvanted influenza vaccination increases pre-existing H5N1 cross-reactive antibodies.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Heterologous viral protein interactions within licensed seasonal influenza virus vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Imprinting and Editing of the Human CD4 T Cell Response to Influenza Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- CD4 T cells in protection from influenza virus: Viral antigen specificity and functional potential.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
- Diverse Epitope Specificity, Immunodominance Hierarchy, and Functional Avidity of Effector CD4 T Cells Established During Priming Is Maintained in Lung After Influenza A Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Waning Immunity and Microbial Vaccines-Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Avian and Human Seasonal Influenza Hemagglutinin Proteins Elicit CD4 T Cell Responses That Are Comparable in Epitope Abundance and Diversity.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Vaccine-generated lung tissue-resident memory T cells provide heterosubtypic protection to influenza infection.JCI insight · 2016Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Memory in Generating Protective Immunity to Novel and Potentially Pandemic Strains of Influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Seasonal Influenza Can Poise Hosts for CD4 T-Cell Immunity to H7N9 Avian Influenza.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Supplementation of influenza split vaccines with conserved M2 ectodomains overcomes strain specificity and provides long-term cross protection.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2014Article
- CD4 T cell help is limiting and selective during the primary B cell response to influenza virus infection.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Standard trivalent influenza virus protein vaccination does not prime antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in macaques.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Impact of prior seasonal H3N2 influenza vaccination or infection on protection and transmission of emerging variants of influenza A(H3N2)v virus in ferrets.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Memory CD4 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza A virus: more than a little helpful.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2013Review
- HLA targeting efficiency correlates with human T-cell response magnitude and with mortality from influenza A infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Cutting edge: Heterosubtypic influenza infection antagonizes elicitation of immunological reactivity to hemagglutinin.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Cross-reactive human B cell and T cell epitopes between influenza A and B viruses.Virology journal · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There are a number of related goals of influenza vaccination, including elicitation of protective antibodies and induction of cellular CD4 and CD8+ T cell responses. Because CD4+ T cell expansion and functionality are influenced by peptide specificity and T cell gene expression can be modified by repeated re-stimulations, it is important to evaluate how frequent influenza vaccinations affect CD4+ T cell dependent functions in protective immunity to influenza. Trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV) have production of neutralizing antibodies to HA as their primary goal and main criteria for efficacy. Accordingly, they are not characterized for any other viral components. In the current study, we evaluated whether other influenza virus proteins were present in commercial TIV at levels sufficient for immunogenicity in vivo. Mice that differed with regard to their expressed class II molecules were used in concert with peptide-stimulated cytokine ELISPOT assays to comprehensively evaluate the CD4+ T cell antigen specificity induced by the TIV. Our studies revealed that NA, NP, M1 and NS1 were present in sufficient quantities in the TIV to prime and boost CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that in humans, the broad CD4+ T cell repertoire induced by live infection is continually boosted and maintained throughout life by regular vaccination with licensed intramuscular split vaccines. The implications raised by our findings on CD4+ T cell functionality in influenza are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.