ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2012
Cost-effectiveness of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination in people aged 65 and above in Poland.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Health State Utility Values in Cost-Utility Analyses of Selected Infectious Diseases in Aging Populations: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Pooled it
- Cost Effectiveness of Elderly Pneumococcal Vaccination in Presence of Higher-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Childhood Vaccination: Systematic Literature Review with Focus on Methods and Assumptions.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cost effectiveness of the new pneumococcal vaccines: a systematic review of European studies.PharmacoEconomics · 2014Pooled it
- Global Assessment of Health Utilities Associated with Pneumococcal Disease in Adults: Targeted Literature Reviews.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Review
- Article
- Adult vaccination for pneumococcal disease: a comparison of the national guidelines in Europe.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2019Article
- Economic Evidence of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Older Adults: Uncertain Modelling or Competitive Tendering?PharmacoEconomics · 2016Review
- Clinical and microbiological implications of invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalized patients (1998-2013).The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInvasive pneumococcal disease is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and cost implications, which could be reduced by vaccination.
aimTo assess the cost-effectiveness of a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly (65 and older) in Poland.
methodsA Markov model with a 1-year cycle length was developed, allowing up to 10 cohorts to enter the model over the lifetime horizon (35 years). In the base case, costs and benefits were assessed using the public health care payer (NFZ) perspective. The analysis included routine vaccination of all elderly and high-risk (HR) elderly versus no vaccination. The analysis assumed that the government would reimburse 50% of the vaccine price. Costs and benefits were discounted 5%, with costs expressed in 2009 Polish Zloty (PLN). Extensive sensitivity analyses were carried out.
resultsPPV23 vaccination targeting all elderly and HR elderly in Poland would avoid 8,935 pneumococcal infections, 2,542 hospitalisations, 671 deaths and 5,886 infections, 1,673 hospitalisations and 441 deaths respectively. The incremental cost per QALY gained would be PLN 3,382 in all elderly and PLN2,148 in HR elderly.
conclusionVaccinating adults 65 and older regardless of risk status with a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, is cost-effective, resulting in clinical and economic benefits including a non-negligible reduction of ambulatory doctor visits, hospitalizations and, deaths in Poland.
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