ArticlePloS one2012
Early initiation of smoking and alcohol drinking as a predictor of lower forearm bone mineral density in late adolescence: a cohort study in girls.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of environmental and public health · 2018Pooled it
- The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Article
- A beneficial levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for a decrease in thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB) in patients with Graves' disease: a real-world study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Your height affects your health: genetic determinants and health-related outcomes in Taiwan.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic Risk for Osteoporosis and the Benefit of Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Factors influencing peak bone mass gain.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Review
- The Risk of Osteoporotic Forearm Fractures in Postmenopausal Women in a Siberian Population Sample.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- Increased Bone Mineral Density after Abstinence in Male Patients with Alcohol Dependence.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Oral bisphosphonate use and lung cancer incidence among postmenopausal women.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2018Article
- Mediterranean diet, diet quality, and bone mineral content in adolescents: the HELENA study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Article
- Heavy Episodic Drinking Is Associated With Poorer Bone Health in Adolescent and Young Adult Women.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2018Article
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms.Journal of osteoporosis · 2018Review
- Modifiable factors associated with bone health in Malaysian adolescents utilising calcaneus quantitative ultrasound.PloS one · 2018Article
- Bivariate genome-wide association analyses identified genetic pleiotropic effects for bone mineral density and alcohol drinking in Caucasians.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2017Article
- Accumulation of risk factors associated with poor bone health in older adults.Archives of osteoporosis · 2016Article
- Lifestyle and osteoporosis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdolescence is a critical stage for bone accrual. It is also decisive for the establishment of behaviors such as smoking and alcohol drinking.
objectiveTo quantify the short- and long-term associations between smoking and drinking initiation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls.
methodsWe used prospective data from 731 girls identified in public and private schools in Porto, Portugal. Evaluations were conducted when participants were 13 and 17 years old. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and weight, height and fat-free mass were measured. Pubertal development status was estimated using menarche age. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on smoking and alcohol drinking, physical exercise and calcium and vitamin D intakes. BMD in early and late adolescence was analyzed as a continuous or dichotomous (Z-score cutoff: -1.0) variable. Associations were calculated using linear or logistic regression.
resultsOver one quarter of these girls had tried smoking by 13, while 59% had drunk alcoholic beverages and 20% had experienced both behaviors by that age. Lower mean BMD at 17 years of age was observed in girls who had ever smoked by 13, as well as in those who reported drinking at that age. There were no significant cross-sectional associations between experience and frequency of smoking or drinking and BMD at 13 years of age. However, we observed significant associations between BMD z-score<-1 in late adolescence and having ever smoked by 13, after adjustment for menarche age and sports practice, (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.05) and with ever smoking and drinking in the same period (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.36, 4.00).
conclusionOur study adds prospective evidence to the role of early initiation of smoking and alcohol drinking as relevant markers of lower bone mineral density in late adolescence.
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