Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23093662›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2013

Urinary cystatin C and tubular proteinuria predict progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Sang Soo Kim, Sang Heon Song, In Joo Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, Ihm Soo Kwak, Eun Kyung Lee, Yong Ki Kim

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Urinary biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease.World journal of diabetes · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Protective Role of Serum β-Hydroxybutyrate in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Polo-like kinase2 regulates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via notch signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  19. [Research Progress in Stress-Induced Senescence of Renal Tubular Cells in Diabetic Nephropathy].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023
    Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sang Soo KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Sang Heon Song
In Joo Kim
Yun Kyung Jeon
Bo Hyun Kim
Ihm Soo Kwak
Eun Kyung Lee
Yong Ki Kim
Pusan National University Hospital · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary cystatin C, a tubular damage marker, with the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. RESERCH DESIGN AND

methodsThe baseline values of serum and urinary cystatin C were measured as primary parameters and those of urinary nonalbumin protein (NAP) were measured as secondary parameters. In this prospective observational study, a total of 237 type 2 diabetic patients were followed up for 29 months (13-44 months).

resultsBoth the urinary cystatin C-to-creatinine ratio (CCR) and NAP-to-creatinine ratio (NAPCR) were significantly different according to the degree of albuminuria. Both markers had strongly positive correlations at baseline. After adjusting for several clinical factors, both urinary CCR and NAPCR had significant associations with the decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.160, P = 0.021; r = 0.412, P < 0.001, respectively). Urinary CCR had positive correlations with the decline of eGFR in the subpopulation of patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). In patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and normoalbuminuria, only urinary NAPCR showed a significant association with the decline of eGFR; urinary CCR did not. In multivariate regression analysis, the number of patients who progressed to chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater was higher in those in the upper tertiles of both the urinary levels of cystatin C and NAP than in those in the lower tertiles.

conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that urinary cystatin C and NAP may be predictors of the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCreatinineCystatin CDiabetic NephropathiesFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesProteinuriaYoung AdultCreatinineCystatin C

Identifiers

PMID23093662
PMCPMC3579333
OpenAlexW2100891309

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.