ArticleTobacco control2014
Contextual and community factors associated with youth access to cigarettes through commercial sources.
Article in Tobacco control, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between density and proximity of tobacco retail outlets with smoking: A systematic review of youth studies.Health & place · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing.American journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- Modelling how age-restricted location policies would impact tobacco retailer density in four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Underage sales signage in vape shops: Comparison of stores near and far from California colleges.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2023Article
- Socio-temporal contextual and community factors associated with daily exclusive ENDS use and dual use with tobacco cigarettes among adolescent vapers: an ecological momentary assessment study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Beyond Strong Enforcement: Understanding the Factors Related to Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Using point-of-sale data to examine tobacco pricing across neighbourhoods in Scotland.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- The legacy of redlining: Associations between historical neighborhood mapping and contemporary tobacco retailer density in Ohio.Health & place · 2021Article
- Area-Level Predictors of Tobacco 21 Coverage in the U.S. Before the National Law: Exploring Potential Disparities.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Youth daily exposure to tobacco outlets and cigarette smoking behaviors: does exposure within activity space matter?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Hookah and Electronic Inhalant Device Use and Perceptions Among African American Youth and Young Adults: Are We Asking the Right Questions?Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2020Article
- Youth source of acquisition for E-Cigarettes.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- The Price of Natural American Spirit Relative to Other Cigarette Brands.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Comparison of Sampling Strategies for Tobacco Retailer Inspections to Maximize Coverage in Vulnerable Areas and Minimize Cost.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Disparities in retail marketing for menthol cigarettes in the United States, 2015.Health & place · 2018Article
- Tobacco regulatory compliance with STAKE Act age-of-sale signage among licensed tobacco retailers across diverse neighborhoods in Southern California.Tobacco induced diseases · 2018Article
- Concordance of Advertised Cigarette Prices with Purchase Receipts in the United States.Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- E-cigarette price sensitivity among middle- and high-school students: evidence from monitoring the future.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Intergenerational differences in smoking among West Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and African blacks in the United States.SSM - population health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study examines contextual and community-level characteristics associated with youth access to tobacco through commercial sources in 50 non-contiguous mid-sized California communities.
methodsThe study is based on data from access surveys conducted by four confederate buyers (two men and two women) in 997 tobacco outlets. City demographics, adult smoking prevalence, and measures of tobacco outlet density, local tobacco retailer licencing and cigarette tax were included.
resultsMultilevel regression analyses indicated that buyer's actual age, a male clerk and asking young buyers about their age were related to successful cigarette purchases. Buyer's actual age and minimum age signs increased the likelihood that clerks will request an identification (ID). At the community level, a higher percentage of minors, higher education, and a greater percentage of African-Americans were associated with an increased likelihood of a successful purchase. Lower percentage of minors, lower education, lower percentage of African-Americans, and having a local tobacco retailer licencing were associated with the retailer asking for an ID. Additionally, supermarkets charged significantly more for a pack of cigarettes than small markets, whereas, smoke/tobacco shops and drug stores/pharmacies charged less. Higher prices were associated with higher median household income and greater percentage of Hispanics. Findings about community characteristics, however, differed by cigarette brand.
conclusionsThis study enhances our understanding of the associations between contextual and community characteristics and youth access to tobacco through commercial sources which can help policymakers to identify and target at-risk communities and outlets to decrease youth access to tobacco.
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