ArticleLaboratory animal research2012
Prophylactic effects of swimming exercise on autophagy-induced muscle atrophy in diabetic rats.
Article in Laboratory animal research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Swimming exercise reversed the loss of grip strength, muscle cross-sectional area and trabecular bone volume among type 1 diabetic rats independent of insulin therapy.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2026Article
- Exercise-driven cellular autophagy: A bridge to systematic wellness.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Exercise-Induced Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Sarcopenia.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Exercise as a Metabolic Regulator: Targeting AMPK/mTOR-Autophagy Crosstalk to Counteract Sarcopenic Obesity.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Zinc Alleviates Diabetic Muscle Atrophy via Modulation of the SIRT1/FoxO1 Autophagy Pathway Through GPR39.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Review
- The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation can positively regulate the autophagy pathway in myocardial cells of STZ-induced diabetic rats.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Review
- Exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system.Journal of sport and health science · 2020Review
- Effects of combined swimming exercise and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on inflammatory nociception in rats.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Effects of Exercise Training on the Autophagy-Related Muscular Proteins Expression in Ovariectomized Rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Association of sericin and swimming on the phenotype, motor plate, and functionality of the denervated plantar muscle of Wistar rats.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2018Article
- Regulation of autophagy in human skeletal muscle: effects of exercise, exercise training and insulin stimulation.The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- Heat shock response and autophagy--cooperation and control.Autophagy · 2015Review
- Autophagic cellular responses to physical exercise in skeletal muscle.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Review
- Macronutrient composition of the diet affects the feeding-mediated down regulation of autophagy in muscle of rainbow trout (O. mykiss).PloS one · 2013Article
- Transcriptional Regulation by Nuclear Corepressors and PGC-1α: Implications for Mitochondrial Quality Control and Insulin Sensitivity.PPAR research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes decreases skeletal muscle mass and induces atrophy. However, the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency modify muscle mass are not well defined. In this study, we evaluated the effects of swimming exercise on muscle mass and intracellular protein degradation in diabetic rats, and proposed that autophagy inhibition induced by swimming exercise serves as a hypercatabolic mechanism in the skeletal muscles of diabetic rats, supporting a notion that swimming exercise could efficiently reverse the reduced skeletal muscle mass caused by diabetes. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes and then submitted to 1 hr per day of forced swimming exercise, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. We conducted an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test on the animals and measured body weight, skeletal muscle mass, and protein degradation and examined the level of autophagy in the isolated extensor digitorum longus, plantaris, and soleus muscles. Body weight and muscle tissue mass were higher in the exercising diabetic rats than in control diabetic rats that remained sedentary. Compared to control rats, exercising diabetic rats had lower blood glucose levels, increased intracellular contractile protein expression, and decreased autophagic protein expression. We conclude that swimming exercise improves muscle mass in diabetes-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, suggesting the activation of autophagy in diabetes contributes to muscle atrophy through hypercatabolic metabolism and that aerobic exercise, by suppressing autophagy, may modify or reverse skeletal muscle wasting in diabetic patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.