ArticleJournal of biomedicine & biotechnology2012
Depigmenting effect of Kojic acid esters in hyperpigmented B16F1 melanoma cells.
Article in Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of cosmetic whitening ingredients' lipophilicity on melanocyte cytotoxicity: A systematic review.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Pooled it
- Kojic Acid as a Natural Hypopigmenting Agent: Biological Activities, Delivery Challenges, and Nanotechnology-Based Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Promise of Kojic Acid: A Comprehensive Review.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Kojic Acid and Kojyl 3-aminopropylphosphonic Acid.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
- Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Effects ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fungal production of kojic acid and its industrial applications.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Nanoemulsion Containing Kojic Dipalmitate and Rosehip Oil: A Promising Formulation to Treat Melasma.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Methods of Determining Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Efficiency of Probiotics in Treatment: A Review.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2023Review
- Melanocytotoxic chemicals and their toxic mechanisms.Toxicological research · 2022Review
- BCI-215, a Dual-Specificity Phosphatase Inhibitor, Reduces UVB-Induced Pigmentation in Human Skin by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Technologies for Solubility, Dissolution and Permeation Enhancement of Natural Compounds.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Implications of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Disorders.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- Evaluation of 4-(4-Fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]-Based Compounds as Competitive Tyrosinase Inhibitors Endowed with Antimelanogenic Effects.ChemMedChem · 2021Article
- Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Kojic Acid in Aβ-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of symmetrical azine derivatives as novel tyrosinase inhibitors.BMC chemistry · 2021Article
- Pigmentation Levels Affect Melanoma Responses toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Dual-Agent Photodynamic Therapy with Optical Clearing Eradicates Pigmented Melanoma in Preclinical Tumor Models.Cancers · 2020Article
- An Improved Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Kojic Monooleate: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The depigmenting effect of kojic acid esters synthesized by the esterification of kojic acid using Rhizomucor miehei immobilized lipase was investigated in B16F1 melanoma cells. The depigmenting effect of kojic acid and kojic acid esters was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of melanin formation and tyrosinase activity on alpha-stimulating hormone- (α-MSH-) induced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The cellular tyrosinase inhibitory effect of kojic acid monooleate, kojic acid monolaurate, and kojic acid monopalmitate was found similar to kojic acid at nontoxic doses ranging from 1.95 to 62.5 μg/mL. However, kojic acid monopalmitate gave slightly higher inhibition to melanin formation compared to other inhibitors at doses ranging from 15.63 to 62.5 μg/mL. Kojic acid and kojic acid esters also show antioxidant activity that will enhance the depigmenting effect. The cytotoxicity of kojic acid esters in B16F1 melanoma cells was significantly lower than kojic acid at high doses, ranging from 125 and 500 μg/mL. Since kojic acid esters have lower cytotoxic effect than kojic acid, it is suggested that kojic acid esters can be used as alternatives for a safe skin whitening agent and potential depigmenting agents to treat hyperpigmentation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.