ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 and hemolysin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli elicit different host responses in the murine bladder.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative stress inducesMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cyclomodulins and supplementary virulence genes as determinants of clinical severity and antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and Genomic Profiling ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress inducesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Research Progress on perinatalFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Influence of Urinary Urea Concentration on Hemolytic Activity and Cytotoxicity of Uropathogenic Morganella morganii Strain.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Zidovudine in synergistic combination with nitrofurantoin or omadacycline:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Biochemical and in silico structural characterization of a cold-active arginase from the psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12.Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions · 2024Article
- Uropathogen and host responses in pyelonephritis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- FimH and Type 1 Pili Mediated Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity by UropathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In Vivo Role of Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Models of Urinary Tract Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- ppGpp, the General Stress Response Alarmone, Is Required for the Expression of the α-Hemolysin Toxin in the UropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of Cyclomodulins and Some Microbial Metabolites in Bacterial Microecology and Macroorganism Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immunomodulatory properties of CNF1 toxin fromAmerican journal of cancer research · 2022Review
- The C5a/C5aR1 Axis Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Acute Cystitis Through Enhancement of Adhesion and Colonization of UropathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNFs)-A Family of Rho GTPase-Activating Bacterial Exotoxins.Toxins · 2021Review
- Differences of virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to phylogenetic group in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from Korean patients.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) and hemolysin (HlyA1) are toxins produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We previously showed that these toxins contribute to the inflammation and tissue damage seen in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. CNF1 constitutively activates small Rho GTPases by deamidation of a conserved glutamine residue, and HlyA1 forms pores in eukaryotic cell membranes. In this study, we used cDNA microarrays of bladder tissue isolated from mice infected intraurethrally with wild-type CP9, CP9cnf1, or CP9ΔhlyA to further evaluate the role that each toxin plays in the host response to UPEC. Regardless of the strain used, we found that UPEC itself elicited a significant change in host gene expression 24 h after inoculation. The largest numbers of upregulated genes were in the cytokine and chemokine signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. CNF1 exerted a strong positive influence on expression of genes involved in innate immunity and signal transduction and a negative impact on metabolism- and transport-associated genes. HlyA1 evoked an increase in expression of genes that encode innate immunity factors and a decrease in expression of genes involved in cytoskeletal and metabolic processes. Multiplex cytokine and myeloperoxidase assays corroborated our finding that a strong proinflammatory response was elicited by all strains tested. Bladders challenged intraurethrally with purified CNF1 displayed pathology similar to but significantly less intense than the pathology that we observed in CP9-challenged mice. Our data demonstrate substantial roles for CNF1 and HlyA1 in initiation of a strong proinflammatory response to UPEC in the bladder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.