ArticlePancreas2013
Prostaglandin E2 regulates pancreatic stellate cell activity via the EP4 receptor.
Article in Pancreas, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of metabolic reprogramming of cancer‑associated fibroblasts in tumor development and progression (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Activation and Regulation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Chronic Pancreatic Fibrosis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Pancreatitis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells and the Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Pancreatitis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Membrane Lipid Derivatives: Roles of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The phase 1/2 trial of indomethacin in chronic pancreatitis (The PAIR trial): Protocol for a parallel multi-center randomized controlled trial.Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] · 2023Article
- Targeting pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis: Focus on therapeutic drugs and natural compounds.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- CRISPR and KRAS: a match yet to be made.Journal of biomedical science · 2021Review
- Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic myofibroblast activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- The Crosstalk Between Malignant Cells and Tumor-Promoting Immune Cells Relevant to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin EPharmacological reviews · 2020Article
- GPCRs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Contributors to tumour biology and novel therapeutic targets.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial fission contributes to collagen production in human cardiac fibroblasts.Journal of lipid research · 2019Article
- Cyclooxygenase-2 and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Are Overexpressed in Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Human Pancreatic Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Expression of Co-inhibitory Markers on CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Tumor-promoting effects of pancreatic cancer cell exosomes on THP-1-derived macrophages.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Pancreatic juice prostaglandin e2 concentrations are elevated in chronic pancreatitis and improve detection of early disease.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2015Article
- The Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP4 Regulates Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity.PloS one · 2015Article
- Molecular mechanisms of oncogene-induced inflammation and inflammation-sustained oncogene activation in gastrointestinal tumors: an under-appreciated symbiotic relationship.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPancreatic stellate cells are source of dense fibrotic stroma, a constant pathological feature of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We observed correlation between levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the extent of pancreatic fibrosis. The aims of this study were to delineate the effects of PGE2 on immortalized human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs) and to identify the receptor involved.
methodsImmunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to assess COX-2, extracellular matrix, and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. Eicosanoid profile was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Human pancreatic stellate cell proliferation was assessed by MTS assay, migration by Boyden chamber assay, and invasion using an invasion chamber. Transient silencing was obtained by small interfering RNA.
resultsHuman pancreatic stellate cells express COX-2 and synthesize PGE2. Prostaglandin E2 stimulated HPSC proliferation, migration, and invasion and stimulated expression of both extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase genes. Human pancreatic stellate cells expressed all 4 EP receptors. Only blocking the EP4 receptor resulted in abrogation of PGE2-mediated HPSC activation. Specificity of EP4 for the effects of PGE2 on stellate cells was confirmed using specific antagonists.
conclusionsOur data indicate that PGE2 regulates pancreatic stellate cell profibrotic activities via EP4 receptor, thus suggesting EP4 receptor as useful therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer to reduce desmoplasia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.