ArticleJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
Differing patterns of circulating regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in metastatic melanoma patients receiving anti-CTLA4 antibody and interferon-α or TLR-9 agonist and GM-CSF with peptide vaccination.
Article in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced melanoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Pooled it
- Integrative Immune Signature of Complementary Circulating and Tumoral Biomarkers Maximizes the Predictive Power of Adjuvant Immunotherapeutic Benefits in High-risk Melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Multiple antigen-engineered DC vaccines with or without IFNα to promote antitumor immunity in melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- Immune Correlates of GM-CSF and Melanoma Peptide Vaccination in a Randomized Trial for the Adjuvant Therapy of Resected High-Risk Melanoma (E4697).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- A Phase II Clinical Trial of TRC105 (Anti-Endoglin Antibody) in Adults With Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.Clinical genitourinary cancer · 2017Trial
- Safety, correlative markers, and clinical results of adjuvant nivolumab in combination with vaccine in resected high-risk metastatic melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2015Trial
- Influence of interferon-alpha combined with chemo (radio) therapy on immunological parameters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Trial
- An Insight into Immunological Therapeutic Approach against Cancer: Potential Anti-cancer Vaccines.Current genomics · 2025Review
- FISH analysis reveals CDKN2A and IFNA14 co-deletion is heterogeneous and is a prominent feature of glioblastoma.Brain tumor pathology · 2024Article
- Article
- Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells induced by Toll-like receptor signaling in cancer.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- Immune Cell Profiling of Peripheral Blood as Signature for Response During Checkpoint Inhibition Across Cancer Types.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- The Resistance Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Blimp-1 Contributes to the Development and Function of Regulatory B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Immune regulation and anti-cancer activity by lipid inflammatory mediators.International immunopharmacology · 2018Review
- Long term impact of CTLA4 blockade immunotherapy on regulatory and effector immune responses in patients with melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
- Talimogene laherparepvec: First in class oncolytic virotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Role and Therapeutic Targeting.Vaccines · 2016Review
- IFN-λ cancer immunotherapy: new kid on the block.Immunotherapy · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Changes in the biomarkers of host suppressor immune response were evaluated in patients with melanoma enrolled in 2 trials. Two similar cohorts of patients participating in the 2 studies were evaluated. The first (IFN/treme) tested interferon (IFN)-α2b and tremelimumab in metastatic melanoma and reported a response rate of 24%, 6.4 months median progression-free survival, and 21 months median overall survival. The second [toll-like receptor 9 (TLR)/GM] tested vaccination with MART-1, gp100, tyrosinase given with TLR-9 agonist and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and reported 9% response rate, median progression-free survival of 1.9 months, and median overall survival of 13.4 months. We monitored circulating T regulatory cells (T-reg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) utilizing multicolor flow cytometry. In "IFN/treme," changes in circulating T-reg and MDSC were compared between baseline, day 29 (end of IFN-α induction) and day 85 (1 course). The CD4(+)CD25hi(+)CD39(+) T-reg percentage was increased most at day 85 (P = 0.018) and less significantly at day 29 (P = 0.09). There was a decrease in the percentage of MDSC populations taken in aggregate, which was most significant for monocytic MDSC (HLA-DR(+) low/CD14(+)) at day 29 (P < 0.0001) and day 85 (P = 0.001). In "TLR-9/GM," changes in T-reg and MDSC were compared between baseline and day 50 (4 vaccinations) and day 90 (8 vaccinations). There were no significant changes in T-reg or MDSC, except for a trend towards decreased (HLA-DR(+) low/CD14(+)) MDSC at day 50 (P = 0.07). Therefore, IFN/treme significantly downregulated MDSC suggesting a role on the significant clinical activity observed in this trial. T-reg findings suggest that IFN/treme induced clinically significant antitumor responses by inhibiting CTLA4 suppressive effects on T effectors, and less so by affecting T-reg.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.