ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
GM-CSF and IL-4 stimulate antibody responses in humanized mice by promoting T, B, and dendritic cell maturation.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of humanized mouse with patient-derived xenografts for cancer immunotherapy studies: A comprehensive review.Cancer science · 2021Pooled it
- CD8+ T Cells Primed by Antigenic Peptide-Pulsed B Cells or Dendritic Cells Generate Similar Anti-Tumor Response.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Developing T Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines Against Infection: Challenging but Worthwhile.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- A Novel Humanized Mouse Model for HIV and Tuberculosis Co-infection Studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A novel humanized mouse model for HIV and tuberculosis co-infection studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Morphologic characterization and cytokine response of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells to infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mast cell-derived interleukin-4 mediates activation of dendritic cell during toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Immunogenicity of a secreted, C-terminally truncated, form of bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 glycoprotein as a potential candidate in subunit vaccine development.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Imiquimod induces skin inflammation in humanized BRGSF mice with limited human immune cell activity.PloS one · 2023Article
- T1D patient-derived hematopoietic stem cells are programmed to generate Tph, Tfh, and autoimmunity-associated B cell subsets in human immune system mice.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Effect of Anti-CD52 Monoclonal Antibody in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models Is Mediated via T Regulatory Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Defects in Long-Term APC Repopulation Ability of Adult Human Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) Compared with Fetal Liver HSCs.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Development of a T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen for the suppression of multiple myeloma cell growth.Antibody therapeutics · 2022Article
- Recombinant GM-CSF for diseases of GM-CSF insufficiency: Correcting dysfunctional mononuclear phagocyte disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune escape mechanisms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Development of a novel fully functional coagulation factor VIII with reduced immunogenicity utilizing an in silico prediction and deimmunization approach.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2021Article
- Perspectives on Non-BLT Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy.Viruses · 2021Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells into immunodeficient mice that lack T cells, B cells, and NK cells results in reconstitution of human blood lineage cells, especially B cells, in the recipient mice. However, these humanized mice do not make any significant level of IgG Ab in response to Ag stimulation. In this study, we show that in humanized mice, B cells are immature, and there is a complete deficiency of CD209(+) (DC-SIGN) human dendritic cells. These defects can be corrected by expression of human GM-CSF and IL-4 in humanized mice. As a result, these cytokine-treated humanized mice produced significant levels of Ag-specific IgG after immunization, including the production of neutralizing Abs specific for H5N1 avian influenza virus. A significant level of Ag-specific CD4 T cell response was also induced. Thus, we have identified defects in humanized mice and devised approaches to correct these defects such that the platform can be used for studying Ab responses and to generate novel human Abs against virulent pathogens and other clinically relevant targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.