ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2012
Prenatal cadmium exposure produces persistent changes to thymus and spleen cell phenotypic repertoire as well as the acquired immune response.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Pooled it
- Heavy metal exposure and its impact on inflammatory ratios in minors: The mediating role of BMI.PloS one · 2025Article
- Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution's Effects on Human Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between heavy metals exposure and persistent infections: the mediating role of immune function.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Subacute cadmium exposure modulates Th1 polarization to trigger ER stress-induced porcine hepatocyte apoptosis via regulation of miR-369-TNFα axis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Prenatal exposure to multiple metallic and metalloid trace elements and the risk of bacterial sepsis in extremely low gestational age newborns: A prospective cohort study.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
- Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Immune System and Immunoregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Prenatal cadmium exposure does not induce greater incidence or earlier onset of autoimmunity in the offspring.PloS one · 2021Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure Alters Proliferation in Mouse CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Effects of lead and cadmium on the immune system and cancer progression.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Review
- The Role of Natural Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Cadmium Toxicity: A Review.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2020Review
- Long-term Immunotoxic Effects of Oral Prenatal and Neonatal Atrazine Exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Cord blood T cell subpopulations and associations with maternal cadmium and arsenic exposures.PloS one · 2017Article
- Developmental origins of inflammatory and immune diseases.Molecular human reproduction · 2016Review
- Possible immunosuppressive effects of drug exposure and environmental and nutritional effects on infection and vaccination.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Review
- Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Article
- Environmental alterations of epigenetics prior to the birth.International review of neurobiology · 2014Review
- Maternal fish and shellfish consumption and wheeze, eczema and food allergy at age two: a prospective cohort study in Brittany, France.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental contaminant. Adult exposure to Cd alters the immune system, however, there are limited studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to Cd. Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of CdCl(2) (10 ppm) and the effects on the immune system of the offspring were assessed at 20 weeks of age. Prenatal Cd exposure caused an increase in the percent of CD4(-)CD8(-)CD44(+)CD25(-) (DN1) thymocytes in both sexes and a decrease in the percent of CD4(-)CD8(-)CD44(-)CD25(+) (DN3) thymocytes in females. Females had an increase in the percent of splenic CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD45R/B220(+) B cells and a decrease in the percent of NK cells and granulocytes (Gr-1(+)). Males had an increase in the percent of splenic CD4(+) T cells and CD45R/B220(+) B cells and a decrease in the percent of CD8(+) T cells, NK cells, and granulocytes. The percentage of neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced in both sexes. The percent of splenic nTreg cells was decreased in all Cd-exposed offspring. Cd-exposed offspring were immunized with a streptococcal vaccine and the antibody response was determined. PC-specific serum antibody titers were decreased in Cd exposed female offspring but increased in the males. PspA-specific serum IgG titers were increased in both females and males compared to control animals. Females had a decrease in PspA-specific serum IgM antibody titers. Females and males had a decrease in the number of splenic anti-PspA antibody-secreting cells when standardized to the number of B cells. These findings demonstrate that very low levels of Cd exposure during gestation can result in long term sex-specific alterations on the immune system of the offspring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.