ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2013
Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global epidemiology of neonatal herpes: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Estimated global and regional incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and genital ulcer disease in 2020: mathematical modelling analyses.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted infections in the middle east and North Africa: comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genital herpes in Australia and New Zealand: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review, meta-analyses and metaregressions.Sexually transmitted infections · 2021Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Pooled it
- The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Asia: Systematic Review, Meta-analyses, and Meta-regressions.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review and meta-analytics.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Jewish Ritual Circumcision With Oral Suction: A Systematic Review.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2015Pooled it
- Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease associated with HSV-1 and CMV coinfection.Virology journal · 2025Trial
- Neutralizing Antibody Kinetics and Immune Protection Against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genital Disease in Vaccinated Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Correlate of immune protection against HSV-1 genital disease in vaccinated women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Association between herpes simplex virus infection and cardiometabolic diseases: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Projected public health benefits of a hypothetical HSV-1 vaccine in the United States: A mathematical modeling analysis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Differential diagnosis of perianal herpes: sexual abuse or autoinoculation?Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerpes simplex virus infections type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are common, but the epidemiology of HSV disease is changing.
methodsHSV-seronegative women, aged 18-30 years, who were in the control arm of the HERPEVAC Trial for Women were followed for 20 months for primary HSV infections.
resultsOf the 3438 evaluable participants, 183 became infected with HSV: 127 (3.7%) with HSV-1 and 56 (1.6%) with HSV-2. The rate of infection for HSV-1 (2.5 per 100 person-years) was more than twice that for HSV-2 (1.1 per 100 person-years). Most infections (74% of HSV-1 and 63% of HSV-2) occurred without recognized signs or symptoms of herpes disease. The HSV-2 infection rate was 2.6 times higher in non-Hispanic black participants than in Hispanics and 5.5 times higher than in non-Hispanic whites (P < .001), while the HSV-1 infection rate was 1.7 times higher in non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks. Younger participants (18-22 years) were more likely to acquire HSV-1 infections and less likely to develop recognized disease than older participants. Overall, 84% of recognized disease cases were genital. No differences were noted in the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-1 vs genital HSV-2 disease. The clinicians' assessment that cases were caused by HSV was good when they assessed cases as clinically confirmed or unlikely (validated in 83% and 100% of cases, respectively).
conclusionsHSV-1 is now more common than HSV-2 as a cause of oral and genital mucosal infections in young women, but there are important age and race differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.