ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2013
Do state breastfeeding laws in the USA promote breast feeding?
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Enhancing breastfeeding rates among African American women: a systematic review of current psychosocial interventions.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding MedicinePooled it
- Race and Intention to Breastfeed are the Strongest Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding: a Retrospective Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Structural Sexism and Breastfeeding in the United States, 2016-2021.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding among Hispanic and Black Women: Barriers and Support.Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences · 2023Article
- Disparities in Infant Nutrition: WIC Participation and Rates of Breastfeeding in Florida.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The role of state breastfeeding laws and programs on exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers in the special supplemental nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Integrating motherhood and employment: A 22-year analysis investigating impacts of US workplace breastfeeding policy.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Preventive health counselling during antenatal care using the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) in Ireland.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Lactation Support Services and Breastfeeding Initiation: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act.Health services research · 2017Article
- Examining the Washington State Breastfeeding-Friendly Policy Development Process Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework.Maternal and child health journal · 2017Article
- A Qualitative Study to Understand Nativity Differences in Breastfeeding Behaviors Among Middle-Class African American and African-Born Women.Maternal and child health journal · 2016Article
- Implementing Legislation to Improve Hospital Support of Breastfeeding, New York State, 2009-2013.Preventing chronic disease · 2015Article
- A new performance measurement system for maternal and child health in the United States.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Article
- Promoting breastfeeding in child care through state regulation.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Article
- Feasibility Study of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in Iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2014Article
- Surveillance during pregnancy: methods and response rates from a hospital based pilot study of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in Ireland.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDespite the passage of state laws promoting breast feeding, a formal evaluation has not yet been conducted to test whether and/or what type of laws may increase breast feeding. The enactment of breastfeeding laws in different states in the USA creates a natural experiment. We examined the impact of state breastfeeding laws on breastfeeding initiation and duration as well as on disparities in these infant feeding practices.
methodsUsing data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we conducted differences-in-differences models to examine breastfeeding status before and after the institution of laws between 2000 and 2008 among 326 263 mothers from 32 states in the USA. For each mother, we coded the presence of two types of state breastfeeding laws. Mothers reported whether they ever breast fed or pumped breast milk (breastfeeding initiation) and, if so, how long they continued. We defined breastfeeding duration as continuing to breast feed for ≥4 weeks.
resultsBreastfeeding initiation was 1.7 percentage points higher in states with new laws to provide break time and private space for breastfeeding employees (p=0.01), particularly among Hispanic mothers (adjusted coefficient 0.058). While there was no overall effect of laws permitting mothers to breast feed in any location, among Black mothers we observed increases in breastfeeding initiation (adjusted coefficient 0.056). Effects on breastfeeding duration were in the same direction, but slightly weaker.
conclusionsState laws that support breast feeding appear to increase breastfeeding rates. Most of these gains were observed among Hispanic and Black women and women of lower educational attainment suggesting that such state laws may help reduce disparities in breast feeding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.