ArticleBMJ open2012
HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV among people who inject drugs in India: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Dynamic Models of Infectious Disease Transmission in Prisons and the General Population.Epidemiologic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Pooled it
- Effects of a social network intervention on HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: moderation by network gender composition.Harm reduction journal · 2023Trial
- Injection Drug Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among People who Inject Drugs in Ukraine: A Random-Intercept Latent Transition Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Incarceration history, antiretroviral therapy, and stigma: A cross-sectional study of people with HIV who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Trial
- A scalable, integrated intervention to engage people who inject drugs in HIV care and medication-assisted treatment (HPTN 074): a randomised, controlled phase 3 feasibility and efficacy study.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Effects of a couple-based intervention to reduce risks for HIV, HCV, and STIs among drug-involved heterosexual couples in Kazakhstan: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Trial
- Barriers and Facilitators of Oral PrEP Uptake Against HIV Among Selected Priority Populations: A Global Perspective.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- HIV and syphilis seroprevalence and related unsafe sexual behaviours among people who inject drugs in Georgia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- National representative seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B, C, and D seromarkers in Ukraine, 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Correlates of duration between initial drug use and first drug injection among people who inject drugs in Iran, 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Financial Vulnerability and Its Association with HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kyrgyzstan.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of HIV infection and associated behaviours among people who inject drugs in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: Nearly 40 years on.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Patients' perspectives of tuberculosis treatment challenges and barriers to treatment adherence in Ukraine: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Employment Cessation, Long Term Labour Market Engagement and HIV Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs in an Urban Canadian Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Divergent estimates of HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in Ukraine.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
- Hypersensitivity pneumonia and HIV infection in occupational settings: a case report from northern Italy.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2019Article
- HIV- and hepatitis C-related risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Uganda: implications for policy and programming.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesHIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a major public health concern in Eastern and Central Europe and Central Asia. HIV transmission in this group is growing and over 27 000 HIV cases were diagnosed among PWID in 2010 alone. The objective of this systematic review was to examine risk factors associated with HIV prevalence among PWID in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia and to describe the response to HIV in this population and the policy environments in which they live.
designA systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature addressing HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV prevalence among PWID and a synthesis of key resources describing the response to HIV in this population. We used a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases to collect original research papers addressing HIV prevalence and risk factors among PWID since 2005. We summarised the extent of key harm reduction interventions, and using a simple index of 'enabling' environment described the policy environments in which they are implemented. STUDIES REVIEWED: Of the 5644 research papers identified from electronic databases and 40 documents collected from our grey literature search, 70 documents provided unique estimates of HIV and 14 provided multivariate risk factors for HIV among PWID.
resultsHIV prevalence varies widely, with generally low or medium (<5%) prevalence in Central Europe and high (>10%) prevalence in Eastern Europe. We found evidence for a number of structural factors associated with HIV including gender, socio-economic position and contact with law enforcement agencies.
conclusionsThe HIV epidemic among PWID in the region is varied, with the greatest burden generally in Eastern Europe. Data suggest that the current response to HIV among PWID is insufficient, and hindered by multiple environmental barriers including restricted access to services and unsupportive policy or social environments.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.