ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2012
Butyrate increases IL-23 production by stimulated dendritic cells.
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Reduced Neuroinflammation and Pain with a Functional Sourdough Bread Enriched with Legumes and Ancient Cereals in a Mouse Model of LPS-Induced Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- High-protein diets increase microbiota associated p-cresol production in the colon and reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Microbial short chain fatty acids: Effective histone deacetylase inhibitors in immune regulation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- SCFAs' pleiotropic role in pathogenesis and salutogenesis: mechanisms in exacerbation and regulation of inflammation and fibrosis from gut to host.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- Metabolic crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and dendritic cells: from homeostasis to inflammation.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Review
- Colorectal Cancer Mitigation Through Probiotics: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization analysis of gut microbiota-driven immune modulation in rheumatoid arthritis: New mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- From Gut to Brain: The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Brain Cancer.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis.Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Review
- Importance of Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture: Towards the Identification and Design of Novel Probiotics.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Solid organ transplantation and gut microbiota: a review of the potential immunomodulatory properties of short-chain fatty acids in graft maintenance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Immunocytes do not mediate food intake and the causal relationship with allergic rhinitis: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Rheumatoid arthritis and the intestinal microbiome: probiotics as a potential therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Sodium Butyrate Inhibits Oxidative Stress and NF-κB/NLRP3 Activation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Colitis in Mice with Involvement of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Mitophagy.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Regulation of CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and is responsible for breaking down dietary fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Butyrate, the most abundant bioactive SCFA in the gut, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), a class of drug that has potent immunomodulatory properties. This characteristic of butyrate, along with our previous discovery that conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the development of experimental colitis, led us to speculate that butyrate may modulate DC function to regulate gut mucosal homeostasis. We found that butyrate, in addition to suppressing LPS-induced bone marrow-derived DC maturation and inhibiting DC IL-12 production, significantly induced IL-23 expression. The upregulation of mRNA subunit IL-23p19 at the pretranslational level was consistent with the role of HDACi on the epigenetic modification of gene expression. Furthermore, the mechanism of IL-23p19 upregulation was independent of Stat3 and ZBP89. Coculture of splenocytes with LPS-stimulated DCs pretreated with or without butyrate was performed and showed a significant induction of IL-17 and IL-10. We demonstrated further the effect of butyrate in vivo using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and found that the addition of butyrate in the drinking water of mice worsened DSS-colitis. This is in contrast to the daily intraperitoneal butyrate injection of DSS-treated mice, which mildly improved disease severity. Our study highlights a novel effect of butyrate in upregulating IL-23 production of activated DCs and demonstrates a difference in the host response to the oral vs. systemic route of butyrate administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.