The barley UNICULM2 gene resides in a centromeric region and may be associated with signaling and stress responses.

Vegetative axillary meristem (AXM) activity results in the production of branches. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), vegetative AXM develop in the crown and give rise to modified branches, referred to as tillers. Mutations in the barley low-tillering mutant uniculm2 block vegetative AXM development and prevent tiller development. The objectives of this work were to examine gene expression in wild-type and cul2 mutant plants, fine map the CUL2 gene, and to examine synteny in the CUL2 region in barley with rice. RNA profiling experiments using two near-isogenic line pairs carrying either the cul2 mutant allele or wild-type CUL2 allele in different genetic backgrounds detected 28 unique gene transcripts exhibiting similar patterns of differential accumulation in both genetic backgrounds, indicating that we have identified key genes impacted by the CUL2 gene. Twenty-four genes had higher abundance in uniculm2 mutant tissues, and nearly half of the annotated genes likely function in stress-response or signal transduction pathways. Genetic mapping identified five co-segregating markers in 1,088 F2 individuals. These markers spanned the centromere region on chromosome 6H, and coincided with a 50-cM region on rice chromosome 2, indicating that it may be difficult to positionally clone CUL2. Taken together, the results revealed stress response and signal transduction pathways that are associated with the CUL2 gene, isolating CUL2 via positional cloning approaches that may be difficult, and the remnants of barley-rice synteny in the CUL2 region.