Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23084925›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2012

Evolution-guided identification of antiviral specificity determinants in the broadly acting interferon-induced innate immunity factor MxA.

Patrick S Mitchell, Corinna Patzina, Michael Emerman, Otto Haller, Harmit S Malik, Georg Kochs

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Allopatric coevolution: Migratory predators may facilitate mimicry between geographically nonoverlapping species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  8. Antiviral Mx proteins have an ancient origin and widespread distribution among eukaryotes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Patrick S MitchellMolecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185, USA.
Corinna Patzina
Michael Emerman
Otto Haller
Harmit S Malik
Georg Kochs
University of Freiburg · DEFred Hutch Cancer Center · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Marian Esvelt · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
VPR AND HIV INFECTIONR01AI030927 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI EMERMAN, MICHAEL · 1991 to 2020
$5.3M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI030927NIAID NIH HHS R01AI30937
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

MxA is an interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with wide-ranging antiviral activity, which hinges upon detection of unique viral structures that differ across virus families. Despite elucidation of its structure, the basis of MxA antiviral specificity remains enigmatic. We used an evolution-guided approach to identify the loop L4 of MxA as a hotspot for recurrent positive selection in primates. Further, we show that single amino acid changes in L4 are necessary and sufficient to explain dramatic differences in species-specific antiviral activity of primate MxA proteins against the orthomyxoviruses Thogoto virus and influenza A virus. Taken together, our findings identify a genetic determinant of MxA target recognition and suggest a model by which MxA achieves antiviral breadth without compromising viral specificity.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularImmunity, InnateAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsGTP-Binding ProteinsHumansInfluenza A virusMolecular Sequence DataMyxovirus Resistance ProteinsPhylogenyPrimatesSequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNAThogotovirusGTP-Binding ProteinsMX1 protein, humanMyxovirus Resistance Proteins

Identifiers

PMID23084925
PMCPMC3540999
OpenAlexW1974784632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.