ArticleCell host & microbe2012
Short-range exosomal transfer of viral RNA from infected cells to plasmacytoid dendritic cells triggers innate immunity.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 301 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
301 citing papers in PubMed, 455 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of parasite-derived vesicles in modulating neutrophil responses in emerging human babesiosis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
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- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
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- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection: molecular mechanisms, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Renal macrophage TLR7 signaling in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microscopic messengers: roles and prospects of extracellular vesicles in hepatitis B and C.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characterizing Keratinocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in UVB-Irradiated Murine Skin.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Exosome: an overview on enhanced biogenesis by small molecules.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of hepatitis E virus is shaped by both viral and host factors.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- miRNA packaging into small extracellular vesicles and implications in pain.Pain reports · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Liver Diseases.Viruses · 2024Review
- Endosomes serve as signaling platforms for RIG-I ubiquitination and activation.Science advances · 2024Article
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Hijacking host extracellular vesicle machinery by hepatotropic viruses: current understandings and future prospects.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Review
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
241 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viral nucleic acids often trigger an innate immune response in infected cells. Many viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have evolved mechanisms to evade intracellular recognition. Nevertheless, HCV-permissive cells can trigger a viral RNA-, TLR7-, and cell-contact-dependent compensatory interferon response in nonpermissive plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here we report that these events are mediated by transfer of HCV-RNA-containing exosomes from infected cells to pDCs. The exosomal viral RNA transfer is dependent on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and on Annexin A2, an RNA-binding protein involved in membrane vesicle trafficking, and is suppressed by exosome release inhibitors. Further, purified concentrated HCV-RNA-containing exosomes are sufficient to activate pDCs. Thus, vesicular sequestration and exosomal export of viral RNA may serve both as a viral strategy to evade pathogen sensing within infected cells and as a host strategy to induce an unopposed innate response in replication-nonpermissive bystander cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.