ReviewCell host & microbe2012
Chronic bystander infections and immunity to unrelated antigens.
Review in Cell host & microbe, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02590068 (Effects of Chronic Viral Infection on Immune Response to Zoster Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Chronic Viral Infection on Immune Response to Zoster Vaccination
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasite immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Pre-vaccinationFrontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Trial
- Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014Trial
- Genome wide transcriptional changes underlie gradual and recurrent adaptation to protein malnutrition in zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- VRC01-CLASS PRECURSOR FREQUENCY IN AN AFRICAN POPULATION IS INFLUENCED BY IGHV1-2 ALLELIC COMPOSITION AND NOT MALARIA EXPOSURE.Research square · 2026Article
- Rethinking the evidence on COVID-19 in Africa.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Genomic analysis of progenitors in viral infection implicates glucocorticoids as suppressors of plasmacytoid dendritic cell generation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Review
- Metabolic deficiencies underlie reduced plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-I production following viral infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Sequential early-life viral infections modulate the microbiota and adaptive immune responses to systemic and mucosal vaccination.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Memory CD8 T cells are vulnerable to chronic IFN-γ signals but not to CD4 T cell deficiency in MHCII-deficient mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- IL-33 induces thymic involution-associated naive T cell aging and impairs host control of severe infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Cross-Reactive T Cell Response Exists in Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection upon Pichinde Virus Challenge.Viruses · 2022Article
- Characterising co-infections with Plasmodium spp., Mansonella perstans or Loa loa in asymptomatic children, adults and elderly people living on Bioko Island using nucleic acids extracted from malaria rapid diagnostic tests.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic infections with persistent pathogens such as helminths, mycobacteria, Plasmodium, and hepatitis viruses affect more than a third of the human population and are associated with increased susceptibility to other pathogens as well as reduced vaccine efficacy. Although these observations suggest an impact of chronic infections in modulating immunity to unrelated antigens, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms. Here, we summarize evidence of the most prevalent infections affecting immunity to unrelated pathogens and vaccines, and discuss potential mechanisms of how different bystander chronic infections might impact immune responses. We suggest that bystander chronic infections affect different stages of host responses and may impact transmission and recognition of other pathogens, innate immune responses, priming and differentiation of adaptive effector responses, as well as the development and maintenance of immunological memory. Further understanding of the immunological effects of coinfection should provide opportunities to enhance vaccine efficacy and control of infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.