ArticleNeuroscience2013
Post-stroke infections exacerbate ischemic brain injury in middle-aged rats: immunomodulation and neuroprotection by progesterone.
Article in Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Infections Up to 76 Days After Stroke Increase Disability and Death.Translational stroke research · 2017Trial
- Myrtenal Ameliorates Ischemic Brain Injury Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Sex Steroids and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Interactions in the Nervous System: A Comprehensive Review of Scientific Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A novel prediction method for intracerebral hemorrhage-associated pneumonia: A single center analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- The effect of curcumin on some cytokines, antioxidants and liver function tests in rats induced by Aflatoxin B1.Heliyon · 2022Article
- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Antagonist Prevents Secondary Ischemic Brain Injury Associated With Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis-Like State PresumablyFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Novel Predictors of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia: A Single Center Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Stroke-Induced Peripheral Immune Dysfunction in Vitamin D-Deficient Conditions: Modulation by Progesterone and Vitamin D.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Observational
- Progesterone Attenuates Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhances Autophagy following Ischemic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Dose-Dependent Microglial and Astrocytic Responses Associated With Post-ischemic Neuroprotection After Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis-Like State in Mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Lipopolysaccharide worsens the prognosis of experimental cerebral ischemia via interferon gamma-induced protein 10 recruit in the acute stage.BMC neuroscience · 2019Article
- Article
- Co-Administration of Progesterone and Melatonin Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Damage in Rats.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2018Article
- Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2018Review
- Intravenous Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces the Number of Infiltrated Ly6CStem cells international · 2018Article
- Progesterone treatment shows greater protection in brain vs. retina in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion: Progesterone receptor levels may play an important role.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2016Article
- Progesterone improves long-term functional and histological outcomes after permanent stroke in older rats.Behavioural brain research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated the effect of delayed, prolonged systemic inflammation on stroke outcomes and progesterone (P4) neuroprotection in middle-aged rats. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) surgery, rats received P4 (8 or 16 mg/kg) or vehicle injections at 2h, 6h and every 24h until day 7 post-occlusion. At 24h post-injury systemic inflammation was induced by giving three doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg, at 4h intervals) to model post-stroke infections. We measured serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and behavioral parameters at multiple times. Serum BDNF levels decreased more in the vehicle+LPS group compared to vehicle-alone at 3 and 7 days post-injury (P<0.05). Vehicle-alone showed a significant increase in interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels at different times following stroke and these levels were further elevated in the vehicle+LPS group. P4 at both doses produced a significant (P<0.05) decline in cytokine levels compared to vehicle and vehicle+LPS. P4 restored BDNF levels at 3 and 7 days post-stroke (P<0.05). Behavioral assessment (rotarod, grip strength, sensory neglect and locomotor activity tests) at 3, 5 and 7 days post-stroke revealed that the vehicle group had significant (P<0.05) deficits in all tests compared to intact controls, and performance was worse in the vehicle+LPS group. P4 at both doses produced significant functional improvement on all tests. Systemic inflammation did not show an additive effect on infarct volume but P4 at both doses showed significant infarct reduction. We suggest that post-stroke infection exacerbates stroke outcomes and P4 exerts neuroprotective/modulatory effects through its systemic anti-inflammatory and BDNF regulatory actions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.