Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2012
Evaluation of an education, restraint distribution, and fitting program to promote correct use of age-appropriate child restraints for children aged 3 to 5 years: a cluster randomized trial.
Trial report in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of Caregiver-Targeted Interventions for Use of Motor Vehicle Passenger Safety Systems for Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Defining the external implementation context: an integrative systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2018Pooled it
- Multimodal Intervention and Child Passenger Safety Guideline Adherence in Young Children: A Sequential, Multiple-Assignment, Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Parent-Based Intervention to Improve Child Restraint Use Among Kindergarteners in China.American journal of public health · 2018Trial
- Program fidelity measures associated with an effective child restraint program: Buckle-Up Safely.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Changes in child restraint practices in Shenzhen, China three years after the enactment of local legislation: two population-based cross-sectional surveys.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Effect of an artificial intelligence-assisted community-based intervention on child restraint system practices in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Child Safety Seat‒Use Behavior Among Parents of Newborns: A Trans-Theoretical Model‒Guided Intervention in Shantou, China, 2021.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: is re-boarding sufficient?European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Child restraint use in motor vehicles in Shanghai, China: a multiround cross-sectional observational study.BMJ open · 2021Observational
- Overloaded and Unrestrained: A Qualitative Study with Local Experts Exploring Factors Affecting Child Car Restraint Use in Cape Town, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- A Process Evaluation Protocol for Examining the Impact of Instructions for Correct Use of Child Car Seats Designed through a Consumer-Driven Process and Evaluated in a Field-Based Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Overcoming barriers to use of child car seats in an urban Aboriginal community-formative evaluation of a program for Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe evaluated an education, distribution, and fitting program for increasing age-appropriate and correct child restraint use.
methodsWe performed a cluster randomized trial involving 28 early childhood education centers in low socioeconomic status areas in Sydney, Australia. The main outcome was optimal restraint use defined as age-appropriate restraints, installed into the vehicle correctly and used correctly.
resultsOne service withdrew after randomization, so data are presented for 689 child passengers, aged 3 to 5 years, from 27 centers. More children attending intervention centers were optimally restrained (43% vs 31%; P = .01; allowing for clustering). More 3-year-olds were using forward-facing seats rather than booster seats, more 4- to 5-year-olds were using booster seats instead of seat belts alone, and there were fewer errors in use at intervention centers. Among non-English-speaking families, more children attending intervention centers were optimally restrained (43% vs 17%; P = .002; allowing for clustering).
conclusionsThe program increased use of age-appropriate restraints and correct use of restraints, which translates to improved crash injury protection. Multifaceted education, seat distribution, and fitting enhanced legislation effects, and the effect size was larger in non-English-speaking families.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.