ArticleAmerican journal of public health2012
Route infrastructure and the risk of injuries to bicyclists: a case-crossover study.
Article in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cycling infrastructure for reducing cycling injuries in cyclists.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Data-Minimizing Motion-Gated Artificial Intelligence Decision Support for Electric Micro-Mobility: An Architecture-Feasibility Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mapping change in cycling infrastructure across Canada: What, where, and for whom?Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Examination of Traffic Safety in Neighborhoods Associated With Active Commuting to School in Austin, Texas.Journal of physical activity & health · 2026Article
- Trends and patterns of work-related cyclist fatalities in Brazil, 2014-2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Building CapaCITY/É for sustainable transportation: protocol for an implementation science research program in healthy cities.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Comparison of the number of pedestrian and cyclist injuries captured in police data compared with health service utilisation data in Toronto, Canada 2016-2021.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Prioritizing a research agenda on built environments and physical activity: a twin panel Delphi consensus process with researchers and knowledge users.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Article
- Assessing and improving active travel around urban hospitals: A case of Xiangya hospital, China.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Bicycle infrastructure and the incidence rate of crashes with cars: A case-control study with Strava data in Atlanta.Journal of transport & health · 2023Article
- Article
- Traumatic brain and spinal injuries in a pedestrian struck by an electric scooter.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- Benefits, risks, barriers, and facilitators to cycling: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- The human impact of commercial delivery cycling injuries: a pilot retrospective cohort study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Growing urban bicycle networks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Pedestrian injuries in collisions with pedal cycles in the context of increased active travel: Trends in England, 2005-2015.Journal of transport & health · 2022Article
- Weekday bicycle traffic and crash rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of transport & health · 2021Article
- Association of Infrastructure and Route Environment Factors with Cycling Injury Risk at Intersection and Non-Intersection Locations: A Case-Crossover Study of Britain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Data-driven strategies for optimal bicycle network growth.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe compared cycling injury risks of 14 route types and other route infrastructure features.
methodsWe recruited 690 city residents injured while cycling in Toronto or Vancouver, Canada. A case-crossover design compared route infrastructure at each injury site to that of a randomly selected control site from the same trip.
resultsOf 14 route types, cycle tracks had the lowest risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.54), about one ninth the risk of the reference: major streets with parked cars and no bike infrastructure. Risks on major streets were lower without parked cars (adjusted OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.41, 0.96) and with bike lanes (adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.29, 1.01). Local streets also had lower risks (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.84). Other infrastructure characteristics were associated with increased risks: streetcar or train tracks (adjusted OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8, 5.1), downhill grades (adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7, 3.1), and construction (adjusted OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.9).
conclusionsThe lower risks on quiet streets and with bike-specific infrastructure along busy streets support the route-design approach used in many northern European countries. Transportation infrastructure with lower bicycling injury risks merits public health support to reduce injuries and promote cycling.
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